Cerastium
Einblütiges chickweed ( Cerastium uniflorum )
Horn herbs ( Cerastium ) constitute a genus in the carnation family ( Caryophyllaceae ). The about 100 species are distributed almost worldwide and are mainly in the temperate to cool regions of the northern hemisphere.
Description
Appearance and leaves
Chickweed species are mostly annual or perennial herbaceous plants. There are usually thin tap roots and in the perennial species often rhizomes that form roots at the nodes available. The self upright, ascending or horizontal, simple or branched stems are terete, often hairy and generally foliated evenly.
The leaves are opposite. The simple leaf blades are linear to elliptic or ovate.
Inflorescences and flowers
The flowers are individually rare, usually terminal to many in most cases, in open or dense, zymösen inflorescences ( like Asia ); Cerastium in axillary inflorescences are pendent and grapey. The paired bracts are leaves- leaf-like or reduced, herbaceous or often with edges trockenhäutigen.
The hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and fünfzählig double perianth. Characteristic of Cerastium species are often deeply ausgerandeten, white petals. There are usually five pens, rarely three, four or six available.
The flowers formula is:
Fruit and seeds
The name Hornwort refers to the most hornlike curved capsule fruits that jump up with twice as many teeth as stylus. The cylindrical or elongated and often about curved seed capsules contain numerous spherical or kidney-shaped seeds.
Occurrence
The genus Cerastium is distributed almost worldwide, but is particularly abundant in the temperate to cool before areas of the Northern Hemisphere ( Eurasia and North America). In China, there are 23 species, nine of them only there. In North America, 27 species occur.
Some Cerastium species (eg Cerastium subpilosum ) are found at altitudes of 3900 meters.
System
The genus Cerastium was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, the diagnosis is in Genera Plantarum. The genus Cerastium is derived from the Greek ceras for horn and refers to the shape of the fruit capsule. A synonym for CerastiumL. is Provancheria B.Boivin. The genus Cerastium belongs to the tribe Alsineae in the subfamily within the family Caryophyllaceae Alsinoideae.
In the genus Cerastium, there are about 100 species (selection):
- Cerastium aleuticum Hultén
- Alpine chickweed ( Cerastium alpinum L.): It is found in Europe, Canada and Greenland.
- Mierenblättriges chickweed ( Cerastium alsinifolium exchange): It is endemic to serpentine in the northwestern Czech Republic and is only found on the mountain Wolfenstein and on the noise Bacher heath between Sanger mountain and Einsiedel ( Mnichov ) northeast of Marienbad ( Marianske Lazne ).
- Cerastium anomalum cabinet
- Cerastium araraticum Rupr. It occurs only in Anatolia.
- Arctic mouse-ear ( Cerastium arcticum Lange)
- Cerastium argenteum M.Bieb.
- Cerastium armeniacum Gren. It occurs only in Anatolia.
- Arable chickweed ( Cerastium arvense L.)
- Cerastium atlanticum Durieu: It occurs only in North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco).
- Cerastium axillary Correll
- Cerastium azoricum Seub. It occurs only in the Azores.
- Cerastium ballsii Maire: It happens only in Morocco.
- Cerastium banaticum ( Rochel ) Heuff. It is found in South-East Europe and the Middle East.
- Cerastium beeringianum Cham. & Schltdl. It is found in Asia and North America.
- Cerastium bialynickii Tolmatchew
- Bieberstein - chickweed ( Cerastium biebersteinii DC. ): It is endemic in the Crimea.
- Cerastium brachypetalum pers.; among others, the subspecies: Bearded chickweed ( Cerastium brachypetalum pers. Subsp. Brachypetalum )
- Tenores chickweed ( Cerastium brachypetalum subsp tenoreanum ( Ser. ) Soó, Syn. Cerastium tenoreanum Ser. )
- Source chickweed ( Cerastium fontanum Baumg. Subsp. Fontanum )
- Großfrüchtiges chickweed ( Cerastium fontanum subsp lucorum ( Schur ) Soó, Syn. Cerastium lucorum ( Schur ) Möschl )
- Ordinary chickweed ( Cerastium vulgare subsp fontanum ( Hartm. ) Greuter & Burdet, Syn. Cerastium holosteoides Fries, Cerastium caespitosum Gilib ex Asch, Cerastium fontanum subsp trivial ( Spenn. ) Jalas, Cerastium trivial link, Cerastium vulgare Hartm. .. ., Cerastium vulgatum auct. )
- Pale chickweed ( Cerastium pumilum subsp glutinosum (Fr.) Jalas, Syn. Cerastium glutinosum Fries)
- Dark chickweed ( Cerastium pumilum Curtis subsp. Pumilum )
- Cerastium scaposum subsp. peninsularum Greuter, N.Böhling & R.L.Jahn
- Cerastium scaposum Boiss. & Heldr. subsp. scaposum
Use
As a rock garden plants and ground cover mainly found matted chickweed ( Cerastium tomentosum ), but also Bieberstein - chickweed ( Cerastium biebersteinii ), Pure white chickweed ( Cerastium candidissimum ), field chickweed ( Cerastium arvense) and Großblütiges chickweed ( Cerastium grandiflorum ) use.