Cercozoa

Chlorarachnion reptans

The Cercozoa are unicellular eukaryotes, ie organisms with cell nuclei. In the scheme of eukaryotes from Adl, among other things 2005 are counted as Rhizaria.

Features

This group includes several clades that have no salient morphological or behavioral characteristics. They have two cilia and / or amoeboid, usually with filopodia. The cristae of mitochondria are usually tubules. Cysts are common. The kinetosome is connected via the cytoskeleton of the cell nucleus. Usually they have Microbodies and Extrusomen. Three groups have independently developed shells.

In general, the Cercozoa feed heterotrophically, only the Chlorarachniophyta are qualified by the secondary endosymbiosis with green algae for photosynthesis. Pauli Ella chromatophora has primary plastids of cyanobacterial origin, and possibly also owns Auranticordis quadriverberis endosymbionts. There are some small groups of parasites, but most species are free-living Zooflagellaten.

Occurrence

The Cercozoa worldwide live in fresh and salt water, as well as in soils. They include some of the most common protozoa.

System

The closest relatives of Cercozoa likely to be the Foraminifera. Because of the few morphological features, the groups are asked to Cercozoa the basis of characteristics of their ribosomal RNA. After Adl et al ( 2005) the Cercozoa include the following groups without rank:

  • Clathrulinidae
  • Gymnosphaerida
  • Cryothecomonas
  • Gymnophrys
  • Lecythium
  • Massisteria
  • Metopion
  • Proleptomonas
  • Pseudodifflugia

Studies of environmental DNA samples according to the biodiversity of the Cercozoa is much higher than the previously known species numbers as well as the well-known large groups.

Groups that. Since the work of Adl et al were asked to Cercozoa:

  • Metro Monas in their own order Metro Mona Dida.
  • Ebriacea in Adl et al. incertae sedis within Eucaryota.
  • Auranticordis quadriverberis

The Cercozoa without Haplosporidia and without Nucleohelea include about 500 described species, the number of species is estimated at several thousand ..

Pawlowski has been the work of Adl et al. summarized published works in the following cladogram to the Rhizaria, where the representatives of the Cercozoa by Adl et al. are highlighted in bold:

Core Cercozoa ( Filosa )

Phytomyxea

Ascetosporea ( Haplosporida Paramyxida )

Foraminifera

Gromiida

Corallomyxa

Radiozoa

The research group of Thomas Cavalier- Smith, the intensive research into the Cercozoa, divided the Cercozoa into two major groups:

  • Subphylum Filosa, the " core Cercozoen "
  • Subphylum Endomyxa Proteomyxidea class: the group is paraphyletic order Reticulosida Family Filoretidae Filoreta
  • Family Vampyrellidae
  • Biomyxidae family, for example with Biomyxa
  • Penardia
  • Pseudosporidae family, for example with Pseudospora
  • Family Rhizoplasmidae
  • Order Phagomyxida
  • Order Plasmodiophorida
  • Gromida order with only one genus Gromia
  • Order Haplosporida
  • Order Paramyxida
  • Order Claustrosporida
  • Order Paradinida Family Paradiniidae Paradinium

Documents

  • Sina M. Adl et al.: The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, Volume 52, 2005, pp. 399-451, doi: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x
  • Thomas Cavalier- Smith, Ema E.-Y. Chao: Phylogeny and Classification of Phylum Cercozoa ( Protozoa ). Protist, Volume 154, 2003, pp. 341-358, doi: 10.1078/143446103322454112
Cilium Mitochondrion Chlorarachniophyte Clubroot Cercomonas Ribosome Phaeodarea Desmothoracid Monadofilosa Ebriid Digital Object Identifier
173364
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