Český Dub

Český Dub ( German Bohemian Aicha, Aicha 1943-1945 ( Sudeten ) ) is a small town in the Czech Republic. It is located south of the ridge, and twelve miles from Liberec. The city belongs to the Okres Liberec.

• 4.1 Sons and daughters of the town

History

The Story of Český Dub dates back to the 12th century. 1109/1115, Duke Vladislav I of Bohemia in the area of the present town a hunting lodge with settlements called Vladislavice and Swietla with a parish church " to the Holy Spirit." The villages and towns lay on the trade route from Prague to the area of ​​the Sorbs in Lusatia. Some goods in the south of his dominions gave Vladislav I. the newly founded Benedictine monastery Kladruby. More possessions fell in 1170 to the nearby Cistercian foundation Hradiště. The Benedictines were given the equipment the Rabenstein castle in Aicha and surrounding lands. For the district, a large manorial system, which included about 53 medieval and modern settlements 9 and 11 seats of nobility developed. In its largest dimension of the large estates had about 5,230 acres and comprised in northern Bohemia the places Dörfel, Long Bruck, Hermannsthal, Kohlstatt, Jaberlich, Schart Willingen, Saskal, Maffersdorf ( Vratislavice nad Nisou ) ( partial), Šimonovice and love stone.

The Benedictines of Kladruby sold their land in 1237 to Gallus of Lemberk ( Havel z Lemberka ). This gave the possession in the forties of the 13th century to the Knights of St. John, who established a Coming here. The Order established a hospital and provided for the expansion of Český Dub to the city. As a founding year is from 1291. The Holy Zdislava, married to Gallus of Lemberk, was initially buried in the monastery church, but found their final resting place in the church of St. Lawrence Fork.

1425 and 1429 the Coming was the Bald hard by the Army trains the Hussites Andreas Prokop affected and eventually broke up. Your real estate went into aristocratic hands. To defend against the attacks of the Bohemian Hussites Oberlausitzer the stalls put a crew to Český Dub.

1490 the brothers Fabian and Hans von Tschirnhaus had the rule. After the death of Fabian and Hans sold in 1501 whose brother Michael of Tschirnhaus the " Pawn shaft Aicha " Ulrich Schaffgotsch.

1512 was the Supreme Burggraf of Bohemia, John of Wartenberg, owner of Aicha. He put in the new town, and built for himself a mansion. After the Bohemian uprising of 1547 King Ferdinand I. deprived the Wartenberger the basic rule Aicha -fried stone. 1552 acquired this January (Johann, John) of Oppersdorff ( noble ), was awarded the hereditary title " Freiherr von Aich and Fried stone " for himself and two of his brothers and designed the monastery in Bohemia- Aicha and the late- Gothic castle Rabenstein to a representative Renaissance castle. In the sixties of the 16th century, a town hall was built; the inhabitants of the place were a number of privileges. Český Dub came in 1591 under the rule of Smiřický of Smiřice family and in 1622 into the possession of Wallenstein.

After Wallenstein's death in 1634 was Johann Ludwig Hektor von ISOLANI the basic rule Aicha -fried stone and whose income from places in serfdom as a reward for his success as a general. After his death in 1640 his daughter Anna Maria Elisabeth joined, nee Baroness von Saurau, the legacy of who died in 1648. More heiress was her sister Regina, who the monastery and the manorial system gave the 1653 Vienna Augustinian Canons. 1782 the monastery Aicha by Emperor Joseph II was dissolved in the wake of secularization. 1820 acquired Prince Charles Alain de Rohan on Sychrov for 512 200 fl dominion Aicha, who went in 1945 lost the descendants of the House of Rohan by the Beneš decrees.

In the 19th century, several successful textile mills emerged. The industrialist Franz Ritter von Schmitt (1816 - 1883) from Braunau in Bohemia and his family had an important role as an employer of more than 2,000 people with exemplary social facilities there. There was a water supply with a high container on the Sheep Mountain, a multi-class German primary school and public school for boys and girls. After 1890, continued in the German town previously an influx of Czechs. 1920 Bohemian- Aicha was connected to the electric power grid. Since the beginning of the 20th century, tourism developed.

At the time of first Czechoslovakia in addition to the German school, a Czech -speaking population and public school were opened and language examinations in the Czech language required for skilled jobs in the administration. In 1923 inflation weakened the Currency, 1929 and 1930 mass unemployment, the profitability of textile companies and led to problems in the coexistence of Germans and Czechs. Český Dub received a public library and a cinema. The Schmitt'sche palace was a retirement home and the Villa of the glass manufacturers Blaschka a museum with interesting finds from the nearby Devil's Wall in northern Bohemia, at the edge of ridge.

Due to the occupation of the Sudetenland in 1938 by troops of the German Reich and the expulsion of the German population Bohemian Aicha ( since 1943 Aicha ( Sudeten ) ) after the end of World War II in 1945, a development of the town was severely curtailed to prosperity.

The most important economic activity of the municipality is tourism. Especially as winter Český Dub has meaning.

Boroughs

Český Dub consists of the districts Bohumileč ( Bohumilitz ), Český Dub I, Český Dub II, Český Dub III, Český Dub IV, Hoření Stary Dub (Upper Altaicha ) Kněžičky ( Kneschitz ) Libic ( Liebi sealed ) Loukovičky ( Loukowitschek ), Maly Dub ( Klein Aicha ), Modlibohov ( noodle tree, formerly Modlitbow ) Smržov ( Smrzow ) Sobákov ( Sobaken ) Sobotice ( Katharinsfeld ) and Stary Dub ( Altaicha ). Basic settlement units are Bohumileč, Český Dub, Dub Hoření Stary, Kněžičky, Libic, Loukovičky, Maly Dub, Modlibohov, Smržov, Sobákov, Sobotice and Stary Dub.

The municipality is divided into the Katastralbezirke Český Dub, Libic, Modlibohov, Smržov, Sobákov, and Stary Dub.

Attractions

Podještědské Muzeum Karoliny Světlé

The Regional Museum founded in 1919, is the life and work of Czech writer Karolina Svetla ( 1830-1899 ) devoted. It houses a regional studies and historical collection that also includes the literary estate of the poet. Since 1993, the Museum of the management of the premises of the St. John's Coming is responsible.

Excavation site of St. John's Coming

The plant from the years 1240-1250 was " overbuilt " to the end of the 15th century with a Renaissance castle so that the original premises were retained under the new structure. After a fire in 1859 was built on the property a rental home, and again were the rooms of the Coming undamaged and undetected. In a Bauuntersuchung 1991 was found behind a wall of the tenement access to the two-story complex of Coming with a number of rooms, a large Romanesque-Gothic and a smaller convention hall and a Romanesque chapel, which was dedicated to John the Baptist. The chapel was re-consecrated in 2001. The late-Gothic cellars are not yet publicly available.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the town

• Gustav Biedermann, German Bohemian philosophical writer
• Leopold and Rudolph Blaschka, German Bohemian glass artist