Chamaecyparis obtusa
Hinoki cypress
The Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa ), sometimes also written Hinoky cypress or cypress called mussel, is a species of the family of the cypress family ( Cupressaceae ).
The Hinoki cypress is one of the "Five trees of Kiso ", which were made in 1708 in the Owari fief under protection.
Description
The Hinoki cypress is reached an evergreen tree, the plant height of 35 to 40 meters and a trunk diameter of 1.2 to 3 meters. Are striking their subscribed, dark green leaves and broad columnar habit. For free- standing trees, the wide overhanging branches reach down to the ground. The bark is reddish- brown. The scale-like leaves are pressed tightly to the branches.
The Hinoki cypress is monoecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( monoecious ). The mature cones are spherical with a diameter of 8 to 12 mm and have eight to ten seed scales. The winged seeds are about 3 millimeters long.
In Japan, their pollen that occur in April / May, with the most frequent cause of hay fever.
Use
In Japan, this false cypress - type is one of the well estimated forestry tree species. In Europe, the Hinoki cypress is found as a pure type very rarely in botanical gardens. It contains many cultural varieties, which are characterized by lower growth and / or a different leaf color.
Forestry use
Hinoki false cypress are in Japan, there Hinoki (Japanese桧,桧) called grown as wood. The wood is used for the construction of palaces, temples and shrines, as well as for the traditional Noh theater. The wood smells like lemon and is light in color.
Systematics and distribution
The German botanist Philipp Franz von Siebold and Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini published in 1844 a description under the taxon Retinispora obtusa in the second volume of their common Flora japonica plant. The Austrian botanist Stephan Ladislaus Finite referring to 1847 this basionym, but the type associated to the genus of cypresses obtusa under the currently valid taxon Chamaecyparis.
Other synonyms for the type Chamaecyparis breviramea Maxim. and Cupressus obtusa K. Koch.
There are two varieties:
- Chamaecyparis obtusa var formosana ( Hayata ) Rehder (syn.: C. obtusa formosana Hayata forma, C. taiwanensis Masamune & Suzuki): The cones are small with 7-9 millimeters in size than model. The home of this variety is Taiwan.
- Chamaecyparis obtusa var obtusa: The home of this variety is Japan.
Cultivated forms
Here is a selection of the cultivated cultivated forms:
- , Crippsii ': A broadly pyramidal growing form with golden yellow foliage, which is about 3 to 4.5 meters high.
- , Tetragona ': A narrow growing form, which is about 4 feet tall and has blue-green foliage.
- , Tetragona Aurea ': This form is the one Tetragona ' is similar, but has golden yellow leaves.
Small to dwarf forms are:
- , Flabelliformis ': A dwarf form with bright green leaves, which is only 15 inches high.
- , Kosteri ': With apple green leaves.
- , Minima ': A slow vigorous, green leafy dwarf form, reaching only about 10 inches of height after 20 years.
- Nana ': This form is about 1 meter high with a broad growth form. The leaves are dull and dark green.
- Nana Gracilis ': This form is growing broadly conical with twisted branches and a height 30 to 60 inches. The leaves are light to dark green.
- Nana Aurea ': A dwarf form with golden yellow leaves that are bronze in winter.
- , Spiralis ': A form with upright habit.
- , Tempelhof ': This about 2.5 meters tall growing form has greenish leaves, which can be bronze in winter.
- , Verdon ': A slow vigorous, yellow-green mold.
Swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Chamaecyparis obtusa. In: The Gymnosperm Database. May 22, 2011, accessed on 21 October 2011 ( English).
- Cheers Gordon (ed.): Botanica: The ABC's of plants. 10,000 species in text and image. Könemann Publishing Company, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 ( source for the chapter cultivated forms ).