Chlorpropham
- Isopropyl- (3-chlorophenyl ) carbamate
- Isopropyl- 3- chlorcarbanilat
- (3- chlorophenyl) carbamic acid 1- methylethyl ester
- CIPC [( isopropyl- N 93 -chlorophenyl ) carbanamate ]
Flammable, colorless, odorless solid ( technically: yellow liquid )
Fixed
1.29 g · cm -3
41.4 ° C
149 ° C ( 2.6 hPa) with decomposition
1.3 hPa ( 112 ° C)
Very poor in water ( 110 mg · l-1 at 25 ° C)
Attention
5000-7000 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)
Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available
Chlorpropham is a herbicide and the most widely used in Germany growth regulator ( germination inhibitors) from the group of the carbamates.
- 3.1 Water
- 3.2 country
Area of influence
Growth regulator
Chlorpropham is under the MRL Regulation approved in Germany sprouting agent for the treatment of potatoes for the purpose of preservation after harvest. There is a labeling requirement, but the fabric does not need to be named. See below notes on food safety and consumer protection. Chlorprophamhaltige preparations are approved as germ inhibitors for potatoes in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
Toxicology
Chlorpropham is harmful to human health, and ( according to the latest EC Classification, 30th ATP Directive 2008/58/EC ) possibly carcinogenic.
- Symptoms: irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory system.
- Observed side effects: depression, seizures, movement disorders, nerve damage, digestive disorders with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
Environmental effects
Water
- Amphibians and worms: Moderately toxic
- Fish and zooplankton: Slightly toxic
Chlorpropham is only slowly degraded in water. At pH 4, 7 and 9 as well as at 40 ° C, 90 % of the material was in solution after 32 days in the dark yet.
Country
Chlorpropham is degraded in soil with moderate speed. Were observed half-life of 65 days at 15 ° C and 30 days at 29 ° C. Chlorpropham has a certain potential to contaminate ground water because it is water soluble and is poorly absorbed by soil particles. On the other hand Chlorpropham is strongly absorbed by organic matter, so that it is unlikely that the substance can penetrate soil with a high content of organic matter.
Food Safety and Consumer Protection
The Environmental Protection Agency of the U.S. Government (EPA ) lists a recommended maximum daily dose as ( Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure, RfD ) of 0.2 mg / kg body weight ( 2007).
The following maximum residue limits have been approved in Germany:
Chlorpropham ( CIPC ) may be used in conventionally grown potatoes as a sprout inhibitor. In this case you need a hint " After the harvest treated," be placed in the price tag either on the packaging or in bulk lots. The permitted MRL for potatoes is 500 times higher than in cereals. Since the active ingredient penetrates into the interior of potatoes, he is also detectable in peeled and fried potato products. Contrary to popular belief, there is not enough therefore to wash potatoes treated or peel to remove the substance. Organic potatoes ( organic ) must not be treated with Chlorpropham.
History
Chlorpropham in 1962 registered in the United States for the first time and in 1987 a study on the matter published. In the EU, the registration was followed in October 1996.
Properties
Chlorpropham slowly decomposes in alkaline or acidic media and is chemically unstable at elevated temperature. The effect in plants is based on the destruction of the mitotic spindle as an antimitotic.