Chrozophora

Chrozophora tinctoria

Chrozophora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Euphorbiaceae ( Euphorbiaceae ). The ten to twelve species have spread from southern Europe via East Africa to South and Central Asia. Chrozophora tinctoria was used to make the dye Tournesole.

Description

The Chrozophora species are herbaceous plants or subshrubs. The plant parts are usually densely covered with stellate hairs and / or shield-shaped scales. The leaves are alternate. The leaf margin is serrated in whole or wavy. At the leaf base are usually present two glands. The stipules are subulate.

The inflorescences are axillary, grape-like thyrsi. The female flowers are located at the bottom and the male at the top of the inflorescence. The male flowers have five sepals and five flap-like petals. A discus usually missing. They have five to fifteen stamens. The stamens are fused into a column. The anthers are zweikammerig. The female flowers also have five flap-like sepals and five petals, which are also rarely absent. The discus has five glands. The ovary is trilocular. The three pens are bilobed and papillose.

The star- hairy or scaly, sometimes bumpy fruit capsules are dreikammerig. The egg-shaped seeds have a smooth or warty surface.

Occurrence

The area of the genus Chrozophora ranges from southern Europe via East Africa to South and Central Asia. The species are often found in drier habitats.

System

The genus Chrozophora 1824 by Noel Martin Joseph de Necker in Adrien Henri Laurent de Jussieu De Euphorbiacearum Generibus Medicisque earumdem viribus tentamen, tabulis Aeneid 18 illustratum, p set 27, there with the notation " Crozophora ". Is the type species Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss .. A homonym is Chrozophora Pax & K.Hoffm. The plant kingdom in 147, 14 ( Issue 68 ), 1919, pp. 5 more synonyms for Chrozophora Neck. ex A.Juss. are: Crossophora link Ricinoides Moench, Tournesol Adans, Tournesolia Scop ...

Chrozophora is the only genus of the subtribe Chrozophorinae that belongs to the tribe Chrozophoreae in the subfamily Acalyphoideae within the family of Euphorbiaceae.

The genus comprises about nine to twelve Chrozophora ways:

• Chrozophora Brocchiana ( Vis. ) Schweinf. ( Syn: .. .. Croton brocchianus Vis, Tournesol Brocchiana ( Vis. ) Kuntze, Chrozophora Brocchiana var hartmannii Schweinf, Croton macrocalyx Ehrenb ex Schweinf, Chrozophora Brocchiana var hartmannii Müll.Arg, Chrozophora senegalensis var lanigera Prain. Croton lanigerus ( Prain ) Perr ex Prain ). homeland are the arid zones of northern Africa, from the Cape Verde Islands to Ethiopia.
• Chrozophora gangetica Gand. She is only provisionally recognized and originates from India.
• Chrozophora mujunkumi Nasimova. It occurs in Uzbekistan.
• Chrozophora oblongifolia ( Delile ) A.Juss. ex Spreng. It is widespread in north-eastern Africa, Sinai and the Arabian peninsula, in northwestern India and in Pakistan.
• Chrozophora plicata ( Vahl ) A.Juss. ex Spreng. thrives in the arid regions of subtropical and tropical Africa, the Arabian Peninsula bi Indochina and Java.
• Chrozophora rottleri ( Geiseler ) A.Juss. ex Spreng. Their range extends from the Indian subcontinent to the western Indochina.
• Chrozophora sabulosa Kar & Kir. , This area extends from Central Asia southwards to Oman on the Arabian Peninsula to northwestern China and Pakistan.
• Chrozophora senegalensis ( Lam.) A.Juss. ex Spreng. ( Syn: Croton senegalensis Lam, Tournesol senegalensis ( Lam.) Kuntze, Lepidocroton serratus C.Presl. ): It grows in the arid regions of West Africa from the western tropical Africa to Chad.
• Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss. ( Syn: Croton tinctorius L., Ricinoides tinctoria (L. ) Moench, Chrozophora tinctoria var genuina Müll.Arg nom inval, Tournesol tinctoria (L.) Baill, Croton argenteus Forssk nom illeg, Croton. .. .. .. obliquus Vahl, Croton verbascifolius Willd., Croton patulus Lag, Chrozophora hierosolymitana Spreng., Chrozophora obliqua ( Vahl ) A.Juss. ex Spreng. , Chrozophora tinctoria var hierosolymitana ( Spreng. ) Müll.Arg. , Chrozophora verbascifolia ( Willd. ) A.Juss. ex Spreng. , Croton oblongifolius Sieber ex Spreng. nom. illeg. , Chrozophora villosa Lindl., Chrozophora sieberi C.Presl, Chrozophora integrifolia Bunge, Chrozophora tinctoria f brachypetala Müll.Arg. , Chrozophora tinctoria var subplicata Müll.Arg. , Chrozophora tinctoria var verbascifolia ( Willd.) Müll.Arg. , Tournesol warionii ( Coss. ex Batt. & trot. ) Baill. , Tournesol obliqua ( Vahl ) Franch. , Chrozophora warionii Coss. ex Batt. , Tournesol verbascifolia ( Willd.) Kuntze, Chrozophora tinctoria var glabrata Heldr. , Chrozophora glabrata ( Heldr. ) Pax & K.Hoffm. , Chrozophora subplicata ( Müll.Arg. ) Pax & K.Hoffm. , Chrozophora cordifolia Pazij, Chrozophora lepidocarpa Pazij, Chrozophora tinctoria subsp. obliqua ( Vahl ) O.Bolòs & Vigo): It is widespread from the Mediterranean to the north-western India.