Chukchi people

The Chukchi (also Luoravetlanen, from the proper name lg'orawetl'an [ ˌ ɬəɣʔɔrawɛ tɬʔan ], dt " real people " from lgi " real" and " orawetl'an " man ", Russ Чукча " Tschuktscha " ) belong to the indigenous peoples of the Russian Far East.

The majority of them live in the Autonomous District of the Chukchi on the Chukchi Peninsula. However, some also live in adjacent areas.

Language and Culture

Altogether, there are about 15,000 Chukchi. Of these, about 10,000 still speak the language tschuktschische, a paläosibirische language. The only known in the German word from the Chukch language is the name for a species of salmon ( tschuktsch. qetaqet ) by the name of chum salmon ( also German dog salmon, Oncorhynchus keta Latin ) from which the Keta caviar is obtained.

Traditionally, the domestic Chukchi live in the tundra of the reindeer husbandry with large herds of reindeer, hunting and fishing ( " Rentiertschuktschen " tschuktsch. Cawcw [ sawsəw ], thus presumably also the Russian word Tschuktscha ). The living on the coast of the Arctic Ocean and the Bering Strait Chukchi ( " Meerestschuktschen " ) also operate hunt marine mammals such as whales and walruses. They are known for their intricate carvings from walrus ivory. The House of the Chukchi called Jaranga ( tschuktsch. яраӈа "house" ).

A well-known in Russia and now also in Germany tschuktschischer writer was Jurij Rytchëu (Russian Юрий Рытхэу ).

History

The colonization of the Chukch areas by the Russians began in the 17th century. The Chukchi contributed initially fierce resistance (1730 they beat a 400 -strong Russian troops in 1747 repeated itself, so that the Russians had to evacuate their garrison in the peace treaty ), but the superior power could ultimately not oppose. The number of Chukchi was decimated. At the time of Soviet Union, then a Russification and Sovietization of the Chukchi took place, which took no account of their traditional culture. Most of the previously nomadic or teilnomadisch living Chukchi was settled in fixed villages, the children learned Russian at school, the adults had to pursue paid work in state-owned enterprises.