Cisalpine Gaul

Cisalpine Gaul or Gallia Citerior ( German " Gaul this side of the Alps " or " this-worldly Gaul " ) was 203-41 BC a province of the Roman Empire and later became an integral part of the Italian heartland. According to modern geographical terms included the Cisalpine Gaul in about today's northern Italy and Croatian Istria ( Histria ).

Since the area has been inhabited since the 5th century BC by the Celts, it was according to ancient conception first to Gaul, not to Italic settlement area, and was conquered by Rome during the Second Punic War against Hannibal. In the first years of the designation of the province fluctuated yet. Livy calls them, probably depending on which source he followed straight, alternately " Gallia ", " Ligures et Gallia " and " Ariminum ". The term " Cisalpine Gaul " had probably been naturalized at the latest at the time of Sulla, but only for the year 59 BC occupied, as Gaius Julius Caesar with the Lex Vatinia got this province Gallia Narbonensis and along with Illyricum to manage. In 49 BC, the cities of this province the Roman citizenship ( civitas Romana ), and from 41 BC was the Cisalpine Gaul no more. Than Gallic, but as part of Italy and that no more than provincial Cisalpine Gaul was home to important Latin authors such as Catullus, Virgil, Livy, Cornelius Nepos and the two Plinii.

The province was divided into the regions

  • Aemilia (or Gallia Cispadana )
  • Liguria,
  • Venetia et Histria and
  • Transpadana (also Gallia Transpadana ).
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