Cistus
Sage- Rockrose (Cistus salviifolius )
The cistus (Cistus ) constitute a genus of flowering plants in the family of rockrose ( Cistaceae ).
- 5.1 Literature
- 5.2 Notes and references
Description
The cistus are highly branched, bushy shrubs or dwarf shrubs with aromatic resin, the labdanum. The against-constant leaves are simple, sessile or stalked. Stipules absent.
The terminal or axillary inflorescence is reduced zymös, trugdoldig or wound -like, sometimes on a flower. The two outer sepals are at least as large as the three inner or missing. The petals are already wrinkled in bud, short-lived, white, pink or purple; in some species they are mottled yellow or dark red at the base. The dust 30 to 150 sheets are arranged in several rows, and all fertile. Most five, rarely six to twelve carpels are fused to a five, rarely six to zwölffächerigen ovary.
The woody capsule fruits jump almost completely along the walls compartments. The numerous seeds are polygonal.
Occurrence
The genus is widespread throughout the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands. The greatest species diversity is located in the western Mediterranean (France, Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Algeria). The cistus form a major component of the garrigue. They grow on dry, rocky areas, often on calcareous and nutrient-poor soils.
System
The genus name Cistus was first published in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum. Type species of Cistus crispus L. is. A synonym for Cistus L. Rhodocistus Spach.
Species
Only the species of the genus Halimium that are included by some authors in Cistus, there are about 24 species in the genus Cistus (Cistus ):
- Whitish rock rose (Cistus albidus L.), is common in the western Mediterranean.
- Cistus asper Demoly & R.Mesa, is endemic to the Canary Island of El Hierro.
- Cistus chinamadensis Bañares & P.Romero, is found only in the Canary islands of Tenerife, La Gomera and El Hierro.
- Clusius Rockrose (Cistus clusii Dunal ) is native to the western Mediterranean region.
- Cretan rock rose (Cistus creticus L.; Syn: . Grey Hairy Rockrose (Cistus incanus auct non L. ), Cistus villosus L.), is widespread in the Mediterranean area, but missing on the Iberian Peninsula and France.
- Krause Rockrose (Cistus crispus L.), is common in the western Mediterranean.
- Cistus gran canariae Marrero - Rodr. , Almeida & C.Ríos, is endemic to the Canary Island of Gran Canaria.
- Verschiedenblättrige Rockrose (Cistus heterophyllus Desf. ), Is found in Morocco and Algeria.
- Cistus horrens Demoly, is endemic to the Canary Island of Gran Canaria.
- Cistus inflatus Pourr. ex Demoly ( Syn: Cistus psilosepalus Sweet), is found in Spain and Portugal.
- Paint - Rockrose (Cistus ladanifer L., including Cistus palhinhae Ingram ), with deposits in France, the Iberian Peninsula, Morocco and Algeria.
- Lorbeerblättrige Rockrose (Cistus laurifolius L. ) occurs in the northern Mediterranean region from the Iberian Peninsula to Anatolia, also in Morocco before.
- Libanotis Cistus L., occurs in Spain and Portugal.
- Montpellier Rockrose (Cistus monspeliensis L.), comes in the Canary Islands and the Mediterranean region eastward as far Cyprus.
- Cistus munbyi Pomel, is found in Morocco and Algeria.
- Cistus ochreatus Chr.Sm. ex book, is endemic to the Canary Island of Gran Canaria.
- Cistus osbeckiifolius Webb, is endemic to the Canary Island of Tenerife.
- Cistus palmensis Bañares & Demoly, is endemic to the Canary Island of La Palma.
- Small-flowered rock rose (Cistus parviflorus Lam. ), Occurs to the eastern Mediterranean in the central.
- Pappelblättrige Rockrose (Cistus populifolius L.), with deposits in France, the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco.
- Cistus pouzolzii Delile ( Syn: Cistus varius auct. ), Occurs in France, Morocco and Algeria.
- Sage- Rockrose (Cistus salviifolius L.), occurs throughout the Mediterranean area.
- Cistus sintenisii Litard. ( Syn: Cistus albanicus EF Warburg ex Heywood ), with home in Albania and Greece.
- Beinwellblättrige Rockrose (Cistus symphytifolius Lam. )
In addition, there are a variety of hybrids, including:
- Cistus × florentinus Lam.
- Cistus × incanus L. ( = C. albidus × crispus ). This name has long been in use for Cistus creticus.
- Cistus × laxus Aiton
- Cistus × ledon Lam.
- Cistus × purpureus Lam.
Use
There are several cultivated varieties of Mediterranean parks and gardens.
From the branches and leaves of some species (such as Cistus salviifolius or Cistus ladanifer ), the resin can be obtained labdanum. Goats were driven to by Cistus stocks on some Greek islands. On goatskin the sticky secretions stuck. The cut hair were placed in boiling water. After cooling, the resin was separated.
Excerpts from Grey Hairy Rockrose (Cistus incanus ) are used health-related; in Greece it is drunk as a herbal tea.