Claudia Pechstein

Since 2011/12 André Unterdörfel

2 (2007/ 08 ) 3 (2006/ 07, 2011 /12)

Claudia Pechstein ( born February 22, 1972 in Berlin ) is a German speed skater and Police Chief Master of the Federal Police. With five Olympic victories in 1994, 1998, 2002 and 2006 and four more Olympic medals she is the most successful German Olympic athlete in the Winter Games (men and women).

Sports career

Pechstein, who belongs to the ISU Department of polar bears Juniors Berlin, began early with their sport. In the children 's and young people of the GDR in 1985, Pechstein Getting over 1500 meters. In 1988, she was Vice - Junior World Champion in the all around. In the first all-German Championship in 1991 Pechstein won the silver medal over 3000 and over 5000 meters.

Your first success in professional sports, it reached by winning the bronze medal over 5000 meters at the 1992 Winter Olympic Games in Albertville. However, despite the success they remained in the shadow of Gunda Niemann, who won this competition. Two years later she won at the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, the gold medal in the 5000 meters and the bronze in the 3000 meters. Two years later, Pechstein first time in European and World Championships. In the World Single Distance Championships in 1996 in Hamar she went to over 1500, 3000 and 5000 meters, winning two silver and gold over 5000 meters. Shortly thereafter, she won a bronze medal at the World Championships all-around all-around world championship in 1996 in Heerenveen. She finished the World Cup season 1997/98 over 1500 and 3000/5000 meters on the second place in the overall standings.

At the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano Pechstein set over 3000 meters with a time of 4:08,47 min. temporarily an Olympic record and won the silver medal. About 5000 meters she succeeded with a time of 6:59,61 min a new world record and winning the gold medal. About 1500 meters it was finished only seventh at the end. In the all-around European Championship 1998, she won the gold medal before they reached shortly thereafter in the all-around World Cup in Heerenveen silver. At the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, she won over 3000 and over 5000 meters gold medal. On both routes, they also made it to a new world record. About the 1500 meters she finished at the end of the sixth. For its services, Pechstein was awarded the Order of Merit of the State of Berlin in the same year.

At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin they came not to over 1500 meters. About 3000 meters she finished only fifth place, over 5000 meters, she won the Canadian Clara Hughes behind the Silver Medal and the gold medal in the team competition with the German team. In the all-around European Championship 2007, she only came in fifth place. A year later, she landed in fourth place before 2009 again won the gold medal.

Olympic Records

In five Winter Olympics from 1992 to 2006, she won nine medals (one with the team, eight times as a single starter ) and thus more individual records:

Doping ban

In July 2009 it was announced that Pechstein was blocked in February 2009 by the ISU for two years. The ISU she saw by evidence transferred as blood doping at once was the all-around world championships in Hamar for a series of blood samples of the reticulocyte 3.5 percent, 1.1 percentage points above that of the International Skating Union ( ISU) specified maximum value. Pechstein is thus one of the first athletes who doping using an indirect proof, comparable to the " biological passport ", was accused of.

Pechstein sued the lock before the International Court of Sport (CAS ), but this was confirmed in November 2009: Pechstein had the ISU beginning of the year so striking given many changes to their whereabouts, that she had hardly been even reach for competition testing. Increased reticulocyte counts had a hard evidence of doping, even if hematocrit and hemoglobin values ​​did not increase noticeably. The CAS followed the opinion of hematologists Hubert Schrezenmeier from Ulm, the Pechstein certified an excellent health condition and exclude pathological alterations in the blood picture. The remarks of the Berlin expert Christof Dame, who led a possible variation of the Epo gene into the field, on the other hand were not convincing, since he himself had admitted that his research raises more questions than answers deliver.

Pechstein went against it before a court. The Swiss Federal Court issued on 8 December 2009 its urgent appeal and allowed her to start at the World Cup on December 11, 2009 in Salt Lake City. There they wanted to qualify for the Olympic Games in Vancouver. However, in the first race after a ten-month break from competition she ran with 4:04,59 min over 3000 meters only to 13th, falling short of the necessary qualifications for the eighth significantly. On 4 March 2010 finally searched BKA Pechstein's house due to a display of the German speed skating community DESG and NADA.

On 15 March 2010 certified physicians of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology ( DGHO ) Claudia Pechstein an inherited blood abnormality, followed by a mild form of ball -cell anemia was responsible for the altered blood values ​​with her. From a medical perspective, the barrier is therefore unfounded.

By judgment of 28 September 2010, the Swiss Federal Supreme Court dismissed Pechstein's appeal against the decision of the CAS and finally confirmed the lock. Revision Legally were significant only new facts or evidence which could not have in the previous CAS procedures can be taught and not those which arose later. The newly raised appraisals were made ​​but only after the judgment of the CAS. Pechstein's assertion that it had " allegedly" received new diagnostic option only just two days after the arbitration award of the CAS knowledge of it, however, you should be have been impossible during the arbitration proceedings, to rely on it, is not sufficient. Pechstein had already put forward in the context of arbitration, they suffer from an inherited blood abnormality in which the arbitral award of the CAS have held it, even such a diagnosis virtue not to explain the observed variations in blood chemistry.

June 30, 2011 Claudia Pechstein announced at a press conference that they have their blood levels can be examined privately. This increased values ​​were determined on the basis of their blood abnormality in 24 of 75 cases again. You have therefore refunded self- display. Early December 2011 it was announced that the National Anti -Doping Agency Germany will not open a case against the speed skater after Pechstein's self- display. Pechstein reticulocyte figure was 3.06 percent well above the limit of 2.4, about as high as when they lock in 2009. Media interpreted this as a stage victory in the fight for their rehabilitation as an athlete. Also from a legal perspective doubts were raised as to whether the force applied in sports law doping evidence standard of proof, which, despite remaining residual doubt allowed a conviction Pechstein at a doping violation, is appropriate or not had the usual in the state sanction law principle of " benefit of the doubt " apply.

The Regional Court Munich I dismissed the action for damages against the Pechstein Skating ISU World Federation and the German Speed ​​Skating Association ( DESG ), but declared the athletes agreement is invalid.

Comeback

Four days after the end of their two -year ban she met at a club competition in Erfurt's Gunda Niemann- Stirnemann Hall, on February 12, 2011 via with a time of 4:10,05 min over 3000 meters and with 2:01,22 min 1500 meters the required standard times for a World Cup participation of 4:15 and 2:03,50 minutes. On February 18th and 19th, 2011, it launched in Salt Lake City for the first time in a World Cup race. There they ran the 5000 meters in 6:51,62 min - their fourth fastest ever time run - and 1:55,38 min over 1500 meters, to claim victory in each of the B group and qualified for the World Cup Final in Heerenveen, at the were allowed to participate only runner of the A group, as well as for the single distance world championship in Inzell. At the last World Cup of the season 2010/ 11 in Heerenveen on March 5, 2011, she ran across the 3000 -meter distance in 4:09,60 min to fourth place, which she managed to World Cup qualification for this route. At the World Championships in Inzell she won the bronze medal over 5000 meters in 7:00,90 min, behind defending champion Martina Sáblíková and Stephanie Beckert. In the team competition she finished with Isabell East and Stephanie Beckert also third place. This makes it the oldest medalist at World Single Distance Championships.

With the aim to qualify for the track cycling competitions in the 2012 Summer Olympics, she took part in Berlin at the Deutsche Bahn Championships 2011. However, they scored in the 500 meter time trial and the 3000 meter individual pursuit only tenth place, so they could not qualify for the Olympics.

In the all-around speed skating championship 2012 in Budapest Pechstein won the silver medal behind Martina Sáblíková. In the World Cup season 2011/12 she has succeeded in World Cup races nine podium finishes, including a win in the mass start at the World Cup in Berlin on 11 March 2012 and five second and three third places. In the single distance world championships in Heerenveen, she won bronze over 5000 meters, each behind Martina Sáblíková and Stephanie Beckert. In the following year, she won the bronze medal in this competition each on the two long distances.

In her sixth Olympic Games in Sochi in 2014, she was fourth over 3000 meters and 5000 meters on Fifth.

On February 26, 2014 Chamber of the District Court of Munich I pronounced his judgment to Pechstein's lawsuit against German Speed ​​Skating Association ( DESG ) and International Skating Union ( ISU) (AZ 37 O 28331/12 ). The judgment represents the entire system of sports jurisdiction being: the judgment is called the finding in the athlete agreement arbitration agreement " invalid " because this " not made voluntarily by the applicant " had been. At the time when there had been a "structural imbalance "; DESG and ISU had played " a monopoly ".

Life and career

Claudia Pechstein grew up in the Berlin district of Marzahn. As part of the promotion of elite athletes they started in 1993 the basic training at the Federal, in the late 1990s, she was a public servant. In the election of the Federal President in 2004 she was a member of the Federal Assembly of the CDU Berlin. In July 2010, Claudia Pechstein was about their management, the separation from her husband announced she had married in 1998. In March 2014, the divorce followed. In August 2010 disciplinary proceedings against the police main champion was set by the Federal Police Academy on suspicion of blood doping.

Awards

  • 2002: Order of Merit of the Federal State of Berlin
  • 2002: Sportswoman of the Year of the newspaper New Germany
  • 2003: Runner-up in the election Athlete of the Year ( ND)

Works

  • Claudia Pechstein with Ralf Grengel: Of gold and blood - my life between Olympus and hell. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3896029898.
Joachim Franke World All-Round Speed Skating Championships 1999 World Allround Speed Skating Championships 2000 World Allround Speed Skating Championships 2001 World Allround Speed Skating Championships 2002 World Allround Speed Skating Championships 2003 World Allround Speed Skating Championships 2004 World Allround Speed Skating Championships 2005 World Allround Speed Skating Championships 2006 World Allround Speed Skating Championships 1996 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships 1997 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships 1998 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships 1999 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships 2000 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships 2001 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships 2003 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships 2004 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships 2005 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships 2007 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships 2008 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships 2011 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships 2012 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships 2013 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships European Speed Skating Championships 2009 European Allround Speed Skating Championships 2012 European Allround Speed Skating Championships ISU Speed Skating World Cup Nagano, Nagano Circumstantial evidence 2009 World Allround Speed Skating Championships Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany) UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's 1 km time trial 2011–12 ISU Speed Skating World Cup Bundesgrenzschutz Neues Deutschland List of multiple Winter Olympic medalists List of Olympic medalists in speed skating Katrin Mattscherodt Integrated Authority File
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