Clianthus puniceus
Parrot's beak ( Clianthus puniceus )
The parrot's beak ( Clianthus puniceus ), also called glory flower ( direct translation of the botanical name ) is one of two species of the plant genus Clianthus within the legume family ( Fabaceae ). It is native to New Zealand, where it is called the English Kaka beak, Lobster Claw, Parrot 's beak and on Māori Kowhai ngutu Kaka.
- 5.1 Notes and references
Description
Appearance and leaf
Clianthus puniceus grows as evergreen, self- upright or spreading shrub with multiple stems, it is branched near the ground and reaches stature heights of 1 to 2 meters, and plant diameter of 1 to 2 meters. The bark of the branches is only silky haired fluffy and then glabrous. The usually two, rarely three dark green cotyledons ( cotyledons ) are oblong to oblong -elliptic, with a length 13 to 18 mm and a width of 5 to 7 mm.
The alternate arranged on the branches leaves are 8-13 cm long and 3-50 mm wide, divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole and Blattrhachis are composed of up to 10 inches long provided with a diameter of up to 1.8 millimeters, and it is a groove. The unpaired pinnate leaf blade contains 14 to 21 pairs of leaflets, of which the lower one or two pairs are arranged against constantly and the other alternate on the rachis. The bright green stalks of the leaflets are 0.4 to 0.8 millimeters long and sparsely hairy to densely. The leaflets are at a length of 17-26 mm and a width of 5 to 7 mm narrowly lanceolate, narrowly oblong, narrowly oblong- lanceolate to narrowly elliptic with obtuse base and ausgerandetem upper end. The top of the leaflets is gray - green to olive - green, dull to slightly shiny, glabrous to moderately hairy. The leaf margin is flat. The underside of the leaflets is light green, and sparsely hairy to densely. The green, sparsely hairy, dull stipules are lanceolate to narrowly triangular, with a length from 4.5 to 6 mm and a width of 2.5 to 4.5 millimeters.
Inflorescence and flower
In an axillary one or two hanging, racemose inflorescences may be present. At each inflorescence up to 40 buds are formed, but it only develop four to ten flowers. Blütenstandsrhachis, pedicel, carrying capacity and cover sheets are sparsely hairy to densely. The Blütenstandsrhachis has a length of up to 8 cm and a diameter of 0.8 to 1.3 millimeters. The matt green bracts are narrowly triangular with a length of 4 to 5 millimeters and a width of 1.5 to 2 millimeters. Hanging flower stems have a length of 15 to 20 millimeters and a diameter of 0.7 to 1 millimeter. The inserted approximately in the middle of the flower stems are narrow bracts lanceolate to narrowly triangular, with a length from 1.8 to 1.9 millimeters and a width of 0.6 to 0.7 millimeters.
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig double perianth. The five sepals are fused bell-shaped, The light green calyx is 7-8 mm long and 7.6 to 8.4 mm wide; he is outside sparsely to moderately hairy and glabrous inside. The densely hairy, erect calyx teeth narrowly triangular to subulate short with hairy edges with a length of 3 to 4.5 millimeters at the base of a width of 0.8 to 1.2 millimeters. The color of the five petals ranges from mostly salmon - red to salmon pink or rarely cream to light cream- yellow and the upper end is often white. The corolla has the typical shape of a butterfly blossom and in this way she acts like a parrot's beak. The upright, 4.8 to 5.3 millimeters long nailed flag is elongated with a length from 5.2 to 5.5 inches and a width of 1.7 to 2.3 cm, linear -oblong or lanceolate, flexes 7 to 9 mm from the base sharply, has a dark Farbmal at its base and a pointed upper end. The two 4.5 to 5.5 millimeters long nailed wings are 2.6 to 2.9 inches long and 0.5 to 1 cm wide, slightly tapered in the lower region, which has 1.5 to 2.2 millimeters deep ears and a pointed to blunt upper end. The 7 to 8 millimeters long nailed keel is at a length from 5.7 to 6.2 inches and a width of 1.2 to 1.6 cm ovoid, beaked, has 2.2 to 2.7 millimeters deep ears and rejuvenated become a highly sharpened and curved top. The ten stamens are 4-6 cm long. Nine stamens are fused to a length from 2.7 to 3.7 centimeters. The free 4 to 5 inches long filament is curved at its base. The 1.4 to 1.7 mm long anthers are more or less in two circles or at different heights. The inserted below the stamens stamp stands on a bare, 7-8 mm long, slightly curved or bent stalks. The only constant upper carpel is 1.5 to 2 cm long, glabrous and contains 50-61 ovules. The 3.5 to 4 centimeters long stylus is hairy bearded up to 0.8 mm long on the upper side to about 1/ 3 of its length.
Fruit and seeds
The hanging, durable legume is 5-9 inches long and 0.8 to 2.2 centimeters wide, roundish to slightly dorsiventral flattened in cross section. When it opens, the legume is at a length of 4-7 inches and a width of 1.8 to 2.8 inches oblong to obovate, slightly bent or flattened and contains many seeds. The black and olive - green mottled seeds at a length of 3 to 3.5 mm, depth of 2.5 to 3 millimeters and thickness of 1.4 to 1.6 millimeters kidney-shaped.
Set of chromosomes
The basic chromosome number is n = 16, it is diploidy ago, so 2n = 32
Distribution and threat
Clianthus puniceus originally available only in the North Island of New Zealand. She is a neophyte in some areas of the world.
In the Red List of Threatened Species IUCN 1998 Clianthus was puniceus nor as "endangered " = " high risk " rating, as it was felt that by around 200 naturally growing specimens, most of them in Te Urewera National Park exist, but were threatened by grazing. But now, it is " critically endangered " = " threatened with extinction ". Because most of the known specimens have been planted by the Māori to their settlements around. One knows only one copy of a natural site. This location is in the sewing of Kaipara Harbour and is characterized by the negative characteristics of summer drought and heavy grazing pressure by livestock and wild animals, such as rodents ( Rodentia ). From this specimen there are descendants in culture.
Systematics and botanical history
The first description was in 1832 under the name ( basionym ) Donia punicea by George Don in A General History of the Dichlamydeous Plants, 2, pp. 467-468. The new combination to Clianthus puniceus 1835 by Daniel Carl Solander in John Lindley: Edward 's Botanical Register; or, Flower Garden and Shrubbery. London., 18, Table 1775 published.
The genus name is derived Clianthus from the Greek words for kleos glory or splendor from and anthos for flower from. The specific epithet means puniceus reddish- purple - blood red. Thus, both parts of the botanical name points to the showy flowers.
The genus Clianthus consisted only of a maximum of a few species, long time it was considered monotypic. 2000 was the previous Heenan variety Clianthus puniceus var maximus ( Colenso ) Kirk again the rank of a kind Clianthus maximus Colenso. Clianthus maximus has wider, shiny leaves and the flowers are larger and more intensely colored than Clianthus puniceus.
The first Aufsammlung of Clianthus took place in 1769 by Banks and Solander. About 60 years later, this material was used for the first description of Donia punicea. Unfortunately, the generic name Donia had already been used earlier and so had a short time later, this type will be published under the new generic name Clianthus.
Use
Clianthus puniceus comes with some varieties (such as ' Albus ', ' Kaka King' ) is used as an ornamental plant. In parks and gardens Clianthus exceeds puniceus detached mostly plant height of 1.5 meters not, but planted for example on walls and heights of 5 meters can be climbed. It grows well in temperate climate and even survives minor frost. But most are in the cultivated as ornamentals forms to Clianthus maximus, even if they are as " Clianthus puniceus " in the trade.
Swell
- Entry in the Flora of New Zealand.
- PB Heenan: Clianthus ( Fabaceae ) in New Zealand: a reappraisal of Colenso 's taxonomy, In: New Zealand journal of botany, Volume 38, Issue 3, 2000, pp. 361-371. ISSN 0028- 825X doi: 10.1080/0028825X.2000.9512688