Clitocybe nebularis
Mist Gray Trichterling ( Clitocybe nebularis )
The Mist Grey Trichterling, the fog or gray cap ( Clitocybe nebularis, syn. Lepista nebularis ) is a very common fungal species from the family of Tricholoma relatives. Other German names are gray head, autumn aphid or mist gray Röteltrichterling. The frequent agaric grows in autumn in the litter of deciduous and coniferous forests and fruktifiziert like in fairy rings.
- 7.1 Literature
- 7.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The fleshy in the middle hat measures 5-20 cm in diameter. Young fruit bodies have a domed, older specimens a flat and finally funnel-shaped recessed hat. The edge is often curl up to the handle down or bent wavy. While the hat color light ash-gray to white precipitates in dry weather, the hat with moisture assumes a darker, gray - brown color; the edge is always something brighter. The surface is very young frosted slightly whitish. The hat skin is smooth and pulled off to the middle.
The Hutunterseite is staffed with about 60-90 white or yellowish, dense lamellae. They are 3-7 mm wide and grew wide at the stem or slightly decurrent.
The whitish fibrous stalk often has grooves. He is 5-15 cm long and 1.5-5 cm wide, fleshy, but only loosely - pithy. In old age, the stem usually hollowed out. It is something to clearly clavate or cylindrical. Is Mycelfilz white at the base.
Young specimens have a white, firm flesh that is soft and spongy with age. His strong sweetish, sometimes unpleasant odor reminiscent sometimes of cheese, and the taste of raw meat is more usually unpleasant.
Microscopic characteristics
The elliptical, colorless and smooth-walled spores measure 5.5-8 x 3.5-5 microns. The iodine color reaction is negative.
Artabgrenzung
Confusion may arise with the poisonous giant Anthias. He only has yellow, pink later, removed the slats as well as an unpleasant odor and preferably calcareous soils in deciduous forests. Similarity also have other pieces like the funnel toxic lead white varnish Trichterling (C. phyllophila ). Of these, the fog Gray Trichterling differs mainly by the significant, sometimes perceived as unpleasant, sweetish, floury smell. Certain similarity can also use some types of hopper knuckle warmers have ( Leucopaxillus see left). However, these usually have brighter colors and are usually larger.
Ecology and phenology
The Mist Grey Trichterling can be found at almost all locations. However, particularly preferred are mullreiche beech forests. Among the forest societies in which the fungus is more common woodruff -beech, hair barley beech, Luzulo - beech and fir-beech and oak-hornbeam forests and spruce forests. However, under the natural occurrence of the populated biotopes provide almost exclusively deciduous forest communities dar. Here, young to middle-aged stocks are preferred. Outside of forests is the kind also found rarely.
The species is very tolerant of the pH of the soil ( bodenvag ). However, they grow on moist to moderately moist, not too nutrient-poor soils. Thus, clay soils like to populate, sandy and gravelly and peaty and swampy places are shunned.
The fruiting bodies appear relatively late in the year from September to November or December. They often stand in groups and often forms fairy rings or arcs. The locations are more or less unplanted soils or in the deciduous and coniferous litter. The type enjoys performing together with habitually similar Rötelritterlingen on: Blewit ( Lepista nuda ) and Fuchsiger Rötelritterling ( Lepista flaccida ), often to their fairy rings overlap even.
Sometimes the fruit body of mist gray funnel -form of the Parasitic Scheid Ling ( Volvariella surrecta ) are populated. An infestation manifests itself in deformed fruiting bodies with white Myzelbelag, which are found especially in the late autumn.
Dissemination
The Mist Grey Trichterling is meridionally distributed in Holarctic to boreal. He is to be found in North America ( USA), North Africa and Europe and most often. In Europe, the area extends eastwards to Belarus and Finland in the north to the Arctic Circle. In Germany, the fungus is spread everywhere dense and comes only in the northwest of something lückiger.
System
Albino forms as L. alba var nebularis called. They have a white hat and a white stalk. There are also Lepista singeri that differs by a straightened posture slats and a slightly off-white hat. The species is described from Norway, but has already been demonstrated several times in Central Europe and Germany.
Importance
About the usefulness of the Misty Grey Funnel Lings are very many different opinions floating around. Although he is tolerated by many people, but has also been frequently severe poisoning ( Gastrointestinal Syndrome ) out. From the fungus, a highly toxic, heat-stable Nebularin was also extracted in 1954. Nebularin is a " genuine cytotoxic adenosine analog, and the adenosine antagonist par excellence ". From eating this mushroom is therefore strongly discouraged.