Clitoria ternatea

Clitoria ternatea

Clitoria ternatea Germanized, also called Blue Klitorie, is a species of the genus Clitoria in the subfamily of the Fabaceae ( Faboideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae ). It is distributed worldwide in tropical to subtropical regions today and is versatile, but particularly used as a climbing ornamental plant.

• 6.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaf

Clitoria ternatea is growing rapidly as an evergreen, perennial herb or subshrub. The thin, with a diameter 1-2 mm, terete, grooved stem axis are pressed shortly villous or depending on age, more or less densely hairy striegelig ( trichomes ) and can become woody. The up to 5 meters high twining stem axis are rarely branched in the lower range and above. The internodes are usually 5 to 15 inches long.

The durable, hairy stipules are at a length of 2 to 4, rarely up to 5 millimeters and a width of 0.5 to 0.8, rarely up to 1.0 millimeters relatively small and linear. The leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The 1.5 to 3 cm long petiole is slightly hairy and grooved striegelig. The leaf blade is imparipinnate with usually five, rarely seven compound leaves. The striegelig hairy Blattrhachis is 2 to 6 inches long with 1 to 2.5 centimeters long, slightly grooved, often rinnigen on the bottom internodes. The unobtrusive, tough, hairy stipules of leaflets are small and bristle-like to needle- shaped. The hairy stems of the leaflets are 1-2, rarely up to 3 mm long and almost square in cross section. The thin parchment-like or almost membranous leaflets are at a length of 1.5 to 5 centimeters and a width of 1 to 3.5 centimeters broadly elliptical or almost ovate, blunt or wedge base and blunt, slightly ausgerandetem upper end, which is usually a spike tip has. Both leaf surfaces are hairy same color and pressed short shaggy or striegelig and the upper leaf surface can verkahlen; to the main nerve the hair ( Indument ) is striking. On each pinnule four to six lateral nerves are arranged wech constantly on each side of the skin nerve; they are on the upper leaf surface and slightly raised significantly on the underside and it is a present along the edge of current sheet nerve. The Netznervatur can be seen.

Inflorescence and flower

The inflorescence is reduced to a solitary in the leaf axils bloom. The bald, 4 to, usually 7 to 12 millimeters long inflorescence stem ends in two pulvini. The two green, membranous, downy and hairy ciliated bracts are relatively small with a length of 2-3 millimeters and a width of about 1 mm, concave, ovate with zugespitzem upper end; they lie on the flower stalk or are splayed in ascending order. The hairy, 3-6 mm long flower stalk is twisted or curved on a thickened base. The two almost adjacent to the calyx, eye-catching, membranous, hairy bracts are at a length of 6 to 10 mm and a width of 5 to 8 mm wide, ovate to almost circular or obovate with clearly identifiable network nerves.

The eye-catching, relatively large, resupinaten, hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig double perianth. The five membranous, verkahlenden, 1.5 to 2 inches long sepals are fused for more than half of their length to a 9 to 14 mm long calyx tube 7-9 mm wide at throat and five at a length of 8 to 12 mm and their base 3 millimeters wide oblong or lanceolate calyx teeth sharpened or rounded upper ends and clearly recognizable, hairy nerves. The five sky-blue to violet, pink or white petals are up to 5.5 inches long. The short nailed flag is in the middle of white hairs or orange and with a length of 3.5 to 5.5 centimeters and a width of 2.5 to 3 centimeters wide obovate and emarginate. The spiked wings and boats are much shorter than the flag. The 8 millimeters long nailed wings are at a length of about 26 millimeters and a width of about 12 millimeters, obovate -oblong, ranging 8 to 10 millimeters below the boat. 15 to 17 millimeters long nailed, sickle-shaped shuttles are elliptical with a length of about 9 millimeters and a width of about 6 millimeters. There are ten stamens present. Nine stamens are fused to a 17 to 19 millimeters long stamen tube, which is slightly curved at the bottom of almost straight and the top 3 to 4 millimeters. The free area of the stamens is 3 to 4 millimeters long. The free filament is bent. The anthers are 1 millimeter long aowie 0.6 to 0.8 millimeters wide. The Gynophor is about 1 millimeter long. The only constant above, 11 to 12 millimeters long and 1.5 millimeters wide ovary is densely hairy shaggy. The approximately 15 mm long stylus is hairy fluffy at the bottom and is bearded. Towards the upper end until tight bearded below the stigma

Fruit and seeds

The almost sedentary legume is initially fills around at the base by the calyx and durable with progressive growth of the cup is open. The first hairy, balding at maturity, until light brown and tan later legume is linear -oblong and flattened with a long beak. The almost straight ends fruit flaps are 10 to 11 centimeters long and 9-11 centimeters wide. Each legume contains six to ten seeds.

The seeds are at a length of 5 to 6 mm, a width of about 4 mm and a thickness of 1.5 to 2 millimeters rectangular nearly kidney shaped or elongated by a clear Strophiole. The black seed coat is smooth and bare.

Phenology and chromosomes

The flowering period and the maturity of the fruit is in China from June to November, in Pakistan from June to January. In Australia there is a bloom from February to June and in December.

The basic chromosome number of x = 8 There are reports of chromosome numbers of 2n = (14, 15), 16; it usually results from diploidy.

Dissemination

The original home is not known, but is suspected in East Africa. It was cultivated in many countries and is often neglected. Today it is in the tropics and subtropics before on all continents and many islands. There are stocks in the Cape Verde Islands, Chad, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Burundi, Cameroon, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, Zaire, Benin, Ivory Coast, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Madagascar ( provinces of Antsiranana, Mahajanga, Toliara ), Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Iran, Iraq, China ( only in the provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Zhejiang ), Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Maldives, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, on Christmas Island, in Indonesia, Sabah, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Singapore, Australia, in the southern U.S., Mexico, Hawaii, Guam, the northern Mariana Islands, Palau, on the Society Islands, Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, the Bahamas, Barbados, the Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Hispaniola, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, the Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and Grenadines, the Virgin Islands, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, the Galapagos Islands, Peru ( departments of Lambayeque, Lima, Piura, San Martín ), Paraguay and Uruguay.

Clitoria ternatea winds of woody plants in the undergrowth of forests up. They often occurs in disturbed habitats. It grows mostly at altitudes between 0 and 1000 meters. In some areas it is considered as an invasive plant.

Taxonomy

The first publication of Clitoria ternatea was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, Volume 2, page 753 Clitoria ternatea L. are synonyms for Clitoria albiflora Mattei, Clitoria bracteata Poir. , Clitoria coelestris Siebert & Voss, Clitoria parviflora Raf., Clitoria philippensis Perr. , Clitoria pilosula Benth., Clitoria ternatea var pilosula ( Benth. ) Baker, Clitoria ternatensium Crantz, Lathyrus spectabilis Forssk. , ternatea ternatea (L.) Kuntze, ternatea vulgaris Kunth, ternatea vulgaris Kuntze, Clitoria tanganicensis Micheli. The specific epithet ternatea refers to the Indonesian island of Ternate, which was known as locality in the first description of this type.

Use

Clitoria ternatea is used in many ways.

Clitoria ternatea is used in tropical to subtropical regions as a climbing ornamental plant in parks and gardens. In cooler areas they can be grown in greenhouses and grow as an annual plant.

Young legumes are eaten. The flowers of Clitoria ternatea (for example, rice in India and Cuba) and beverages used for blue coloring food. From the legumes minerals and vitamins can be obtained.

Often Clitoria ternatea is used as green manure and ground cover in fields and plantations. Clitoria ternatea is good animal feed, either fresh or as hay.

Seeds and Stems are used for dyeing of materials, such as clothing fabrics.

In folk medicine, fruits and underground plant parts of Clitoria ternatea be used. Clitoria ternatea is a medicinal plant of Ayurveda.

Trivial names

There are many common names in other languages ​​(selection):

• English: Asian pigeonwings, blue -pea, bluebellvine, butterfly pea, cordofan -pea, pea Darwin
• French: honte
• Spanish: Azuelo, azulejo, conchitas, papito, zapatico de la reina, Zapotillo, conchita azul, campanilla, bandera choroque, lupita, pito de parra, bejuco de conchitas
• Portuguese: clitoria -azul, cunha (Brazil )
• Chinese:蝶 豆the dou
• Fijianisch: kau yalewa, latoela, nawa
• Chamorro: bukike, bukike paokeke, capa de la reina, kapa de la raina, paokeke
• Palauan: Kles
• Tongan: paipa
• Javanese, Sundanese: Kembang telang
• Tagalog: kolokanting
• Bikol: giting princesa
• Visaya: balog - balog
• Malaysia: bunga biru, kacang telang
• Cambodia: rum'choan
• Laos: ' nec s'an dam, dam bang s'an
• Thailand: Anchan
• Vietnam: Dau biê'c

Swell

• Ren Sat & Michael G. Gilbert: Clitoria: Clitoria ternatea, pp. 201 - text the same online as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 10 - Fabaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 ( section description)
• Clitoria ternatea in Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Panama ( WFO ). Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. Accessed on 28 January 2014. (Section Description )