Cola (plant)
Cola acuminata, illustration with fruit
The colas (Coke ) is a plant genus in the subfamily Stinkbaumgewächse ( Sterculioideae ) within the family (Malvaceae ). It is native to sub-Saharan Africa.
Description
Cola species grow as the most- branched trees. The flowers are usually functionally unisexual. It's just a Hüllblattkreis present, the petals are absent. There are three to seven kronblattähnliche sepals present. There are five to twenty stamens present. The carpels are free.
Occurrence
All Cola species are native south of the Sahara ( sub-Saharan ) Africa and do not reach Madagascar. Few species are now cultivated throughout the tropics; important producing countries are Brazil, Nigeria and the West Indies.
The center of diversity of the genus Cola is in the " Guinea- Congolian " rainforests of West and Central Africa. But there are also species in the surrounding tropical deciduous forests. And there is a second center of biodiversity along the East African coast.
System
The genus Cola was established in 1832 by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott and Stephan Ladislaus finite in Meletemata Botanica, p 33. Type species is Cola acuminata ( P.Beauv. ) Schott & Endl. Synonyms of Cola Schott & Endl. are: Bichea Stokes, Chlamydocola ( K.Schum. ) Bodard, Colaria Rafin, Courtenia R.Br., Edwardian Rafin, Ingonia Pierre ex Bodard, Lunanea DC, Lunanaea Endl. .. . orthographic variant of Lunanea DC., Siphoniopsis Karst.
The number of species in the genus Cola is controversial: less than 100 to about 125 species. In African Flowering Plant Database shall be valid 103 and a further six species whose status is unclear. Sometimes a genus Chlamydocola is outsourced with two types. Some species, little is known, for example, one knows Cola buesgenii only by the Typusaufsammlung.
The genus Cola can in a sub-genus Cola ( Syn: Eucola or car Cola, Schizocola, Chlamydocola, Haplocola, Cheirocola, proto- Cola, Anomocola ) are split and the subgenus Cola is divided into two sections.
As secured valid species are:
- Cola acuminata ( P.Beauv. ) Schott & Endl.
- Cola alba A.Chev.
- Cola altissima Engl
- Cola angustifolia K.Schum.
- Cola anomala K.Schum.
- Cola argentea mast.
- Cola attiensis Aubrév. & Pellegr.
- Cola ballayi Cornu ex Heckel
- Cola bilenguensis Pellegr.
- Cola bipindensis Engl
- Cola bodardii Pellegr.
- Cola boxiana Brenan & Keay
- Cola brevipes K.Schum.
- Cola bruneelii De Wild.
- Cola buesgenii Engl
- Cola buntingii Baker f
- Cola cabindensis Exell
- Cola caricifolia ( G.Don ) K.Schum.
- Cola cauliflora mast.
- Cola cecidiifolia Cheek
- Cola chlamydantha K.Schum.
- Cola chlorantha F.White
- Cola clavata mast.
- Cola coccinea Engl & K.Krause
- Cola congolana De Wild. & T.Durand
- Cola cordifolia ( Cav. ) R.Br.
- Cola crispiflora K.Schum.
- Cola digitata mast.
- Cola discoglypremnophylla Brenan & A.P.D.Jones
- Cola diversifolia De Wild. & T.Durand
- Cola duparquetiana Baill.
- Cola edeensis Engl & K.Krause
- Cola fibrillosa Engl & K.Krause
- Cola ficifolia mast.
- Cola flaviflora Engl & K.Krause
- Cola flavovelutina K.Schum.
- Cola gabonensis mast.
- Cola gigantea A.Chev.
- Cola gigas Baker f
- Cola gilgiana Engl
- Cola gilletii De Wild.
- Cola glabra Brenan & Keay
- Cola glaucoviridis Pellegr.
- Cola greenwayi Brenan
- Cola griseiflora De Wild.
- Cola heterophylla ( P.Beauv. ) Schott & Endl.
- Cola hispida Brenan & Keay
- Cola hypochrysea K.Schum.
- Cola idoumensis Pellegr.
- Cola kimbozensis Cheek
- Cola lasiantha Engl & K.Krause
- Cola lateritia K.Schum.
- Cola laurifolia mast.
- Le- Cola testui Pellegr.
- Cola lepidota K.Schum.
- Cola letouzeyana Nkongmeneck
- Cola liberica Jongkind
- Cola lissachensis Pellegr.
- Cola lizae N.Hallé
- Cola lomensis Engl & K.Krause
- Cola lorougnonis Ake Assi
- Cola louisii Germ.
- Cola Lukei Cheek
- Cola macrantha K.Schum.
- Cola mahoundensis Pellegr.
- Cola marsupium K.Schum.
- Cola mayimbensis Pellegr.
- Cola mayumbensis Exell
- Cola megalophylla Brenan & Keay
- Cola metallica Cheek
- Cola millenii K.Schum.
- Cola minor Brenan
- Cola mixta A.Chev.
- Cola mossambicensis Wild
- Cola mosserayana Germ.
- Cola nana Engl & K.Krause
- Cola natalensis Oliv.
- Cola ndongensis Engl & K.Krause
- Cola nigerica Brenan & Keay
- Cola nitida ( Vent. ) Schott & Endl.
- Exell & Mendonça Cola noldeae
- Cola obtusa Engl & K.Krause
- Cola octoloboides Brenan
- Cola pachycarpa K.Schum.
- Cola pallida A.Chev.
- Cola Philipi - jonesii Brenan & Keay
- Cola pierlotii Germ.
- Cola porphyrantha Brenan
- Cola praeacuta Brenan & Keay
- Cola pseudoclavata Cheek
- Cola pulcherrima Engl
- Cola quentinii Cheek
- Cola quintasii Engl
- Cola reticulata A.Chev.
- Cola ricinifolia Engl & K.Krause
- Cola rondoensis Cheek
- Cola rostrata K.Schum.
- Cola ruawaensis Cheek
- Cola rubra A.Chev.
- Cola scheffleri K.Schum.
- Cola sciaphila Louis ex Germ.
- Cola selengana Germ.
- Cola semecarpophylla K.Schum.
- Cola Simiarum Sprague ex Brenan & Keay
- Cola sphaerocarpa A.Chev.
- Cola sphaerosperma Heckel
- Cola stelechantha Brenan
- Cola subglaucescens Engl
- Cola suboppositifolia Cheek
- Cola sulcata Engl
- Cola tessmannii Engl & K.Krause
- Cola triloba ( R.Br. ) K.Schum.
- Cola tsandensis Pellegr.
- Cola uloloma Brenan
- Cola umbratilis Brenan & Keay
- Cola urceolata K.Schum.
- Cola usambarensis Engl
- Cola vandersmisseniana Germ.
- Cola verticillata ( Thonn. ) Stapf ex A.Chev.
- Exell & Mendonça Cola welwitschii ex R.Germ.
- Cola winkleri Engl
Use
Two species of section Cola, Cola nitida and Cola acuminata are grown extensively in order to harvest their caffeine and theobromine -containing fruits, called cola. For details about the use and the ingredients of the nuts are in the kola nut products.
In West Africa, kola nuts are chewed. Previously served as the cola flavor enhancer for colas; However, nowadays this is unusual. Kola nuts were thus originally used for the production of Coca -Cola. From the fruits of other species of section Cola: Cola ballayi, Cola Cola verticillata and sphaerocarpa is alleged that they were edible.
Swell
- H. Wild: Sterculiaceae in the flora Zambesiaca, Volume 1, 1961: Cola - Online.