Collège de France
The Collège de France ( France German College ) is an institution dedicated to the research and teaching in Paris. There is now a grand établissement the highest prestige of all scientific institutions in France.
Tasks
Located in the 5th arrondissement is moved from Paris Collège de France is unique in France and without comparison in the Western world (an exception is possibly the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton ). Although university character has with his professors and institutions, it knows no students enrolled, not through structured teaching program and no diplomas. Rather, it is the free natural and social scientific basic research and their audience appeal mediation in the form of publications and lectures, which are free to all interested parties. The official mission of the College is " the knowledge of its creation to teach " ( enseigner le savoir en train de se faire).
For some years there is a branch of the College, coupled with the University Paul Cézanne Aix -Marseille III and one institute for the study of climate change and earthquakes includes.
The 54 professors of the Collège cover a wide range of subjects, divided into five groups: mathematics, physics, other natural sciences, including medicine, Philosophie/Soziologie/Wirtschafts- and law and Geschichte/Sprach- and literature Science / Archaeology. The chair holder are usually French, but the Collège careful always to refer also a certain percentage of foreigners. Two of the chairs are occupied for one year with foreign visiting professors. There are also shorter lecture series by invited researchers from home and abroad.
If a vacant professorship, advises and is the gathering of the professors about it, they be devoted in the future of the discipline and direction of research and which person is to be relied on. Receive calls only individuals who are recognized as leading capacities in their field. A chair at the Collège de France is considered in France as undisputed crowning of a scholar's career. A certain formal qualifications as a condition of employment is not required.
History
The origin of the Collège de France goes back to the year 1530, when King Francis I a proposal of his librarian, the humanist Guillaume Budé significant, and was followed by " Royal Reader" ( lecteurs royaux ) appointed. These should be financially secure and independent works in subjects and teach, who were committed to the young humanism, but were ostracized by the University of Paris, which was dominated by the orthodox theologians of the Sorbonne. These subjects were initially Hebrew and Greek, the study of which the Sorbonne was banned recently ( 1529), as well as classical Latin. A little later were added (French ) law, mathematics and medicine.
The name of the new college scholarship was Collège Royal Collège des trois langues, or even (or Latin: Collegium Trilingue ). It was the first institution of higher education in France, which was deliberately founded at the universities over, dominated as of yesterday's theologians and jurists and appeared encrusted. After the Revolution, the College was renamed Collège national, to multiply to change in the 19th century, depending on the regime 's name: Collège impérial, royal, national, impérial and finally, since 1870, the Collège de France.
Its Latin motto since its founding: docet omnia, dt " (it) teaches everything ".
Famous Teachers of the Collège
- Raymond Aron (1905-1983), French philosopher and sociologist
- Roland Barthes (1915-1980), French semiotician, philosopher, sociologist and literary and cultural theorist
- Jean François de Boissonade Fontarabie (1774-1857), French classical scholar
- Baluze Étienne (1630-1718), French historian
- Émile Benveniste (1902-1976), a French linguist
- Henri Bergson (1859-1941), French philosopher and Nobel Prize for Literature (1927 )
- Claude Bernard (1813-1878), French physiologist
- Marcellin Berthelot (1827-1907), French chemist and politician
- Yves Bonnefoy ( b. 1923 ), French poet
- Pierre Boulez ( b. 1925 ), French composer, conductor and music theorist
- Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002), French sociologist
- Jean -François Champollion (1790-1832), French Egyptologist
- Georges Cuvier (1769-1832), French naturalist and education policy
- Marie Henri d' Arbois de Jubainville (1827-1910), French historian and philologist
- Jacques- Arsène d' Arsonval (1851-1940), French physicist
- Pierre -Gilles de Gennes (1932-2007), French physicist and Nobel laureate in physics (1991 )
- Stanislas Dehaene (born 1965 ), French neuroscientist
- Émile Deschanel (1819-1904), French writer and politician
- Jean Dorat ( d' Aurat, Auratus ) ( 1508-1588 ), French writer and scholar, from 1560 professor of Greek
- Georges Duby (1919-1996), French historian
- René -Jean Dupuy (1918-1997), French jurist
- Paul Tetralogy (1889-1960), French geologist and paleontologist
- Lucien Febvre (1878-1956), French historian
- Marie -Jean -Pierre Flourens (1794-1867), French physiologist
- Gustave Flourens (1838-1871), French ethnographer, a member of the Parisii Commune in 1871
- Michel Foucault (1926-1984), French philosopher, psychologist and sociologist
- Ferdinand André Fouqué (1828-1904), French geologist
- Étienne Four Mont (1683-1745), French Orientalist
- Jean -Baptiste Gail (1755-1829), French scholar
- Stéphane Gsell (1864-1932), French historian and archaeologist
- Serge Haroche ( born 1944 ), French physicist and Nobel laureate in physics (2012 )
- Eugène Auguste Ernest Havet (1813-1889), French scholar
- Barthélemy d' Herbelot de Molainville (1625-1695), French Orientalist
- Pierre Janet (1859-1947), French philosopher, psychiatrist and psychotherapist
- Frédéric Joliot (1900-1958), French physicist
- Stanislas Julien (1797-1873), French orientalist and sinologist
- René Théophile Hyacinthe Laënnec (1781-1826), French physician and inventor of the stethoscope
- Denis Lambin ( Dionysius Lambinus ) ( 1520-1572 ), French humanist, philologist and scholar, from 1560 professor of Latin and Greek
- Paul Langevin (1872-1946), French physicist
- René Leriche (1879-1955), physician
- Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie ( born 1929 ), French historian
- Claude Lévi -Strauss (1908-2009), ethnologist and anthropologist, founder of structuralism
- Henri Maspero (1883-1945), French sinologist
- Jules Michelet (1798-1874), French historian
- Adam Mickiewicz (1798-1855), Polish poet and the most important representatives of the Polish Romanticism
- Robert minority (1902-1980), a French specialist in German
- Jacques Monod (1910-1976), French biochemist, Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine ( 1965)
- Paulin Paris (1800-1881), French scholar and author
- Paul Pelliot (1878-1945), a French sinologist and Central Asia researcher
- François Petis de la Croix (1653-1713), French Orientalist
- Jean Picard (1620-1682), French astronomer, geometer and theologian
- Guillaume Postel (1510-1581), a French humanist and polymath
- Edgar Quinet (1803-1875), French writer and historian
- Henri Victor Regnault (1810-1878), French physicist and chemist
- Jean -Pierre Abel - Rémusat (1788-1832), French sinologist
- Robert Louis (1904-1985), French epigraphists, historian and archaeologist
- Jean -Pierre Serre ( born 1926 ), mathematician, winner of the Fields Medal and the Abel Prize
- Adrien Turnèbe ( Adrianus Turnebus ) ( 1512-1565 ), French philosopher and humanist, from 1547 held the chair of Greek
- Paul Valéry (1871-1945), French poet, philosopher and essayist
- Francois Vatable (around 1495-1547 ), French scholar
- Jean -Pierre Vernant (1914-2007), French classical scholar, religious and cultural historian and anthropologist
- Paul Veyne ( born 1930 ), French historian