Colonization Societies

In the 19th century originated in the U.S. Kolonialisations several companies to promote the "return" of blacks to Africa. Inventor of the idea of ​​the establishment of colonies for former black slaves in Africa seems to be already in 1770 been the theologian Samuel Hopkins of Newport. Even Thomas Jefferson, one of the founding fathers of the United States, called for the establishment of colonies for black Americans far away from his home state of Virginia, and was thus the most important early advocate of the idea of ​​founding of colonies for former black slaves.

Drives for the establishment of companies

Two completely contrasting groups of white citizens supported these companies. Firstly, philanthropists and missionaries, which dealt with the liberation of African slaves, which they would then allow for their own good "return " to Africa ( although the greater part of the slave population of the United States was born in America). The idea was however also supported by racists who could not imagine a life with free black citizens.

Concrete impact

Were able to put into practice the American companies their objectives to a limited extent on the coasts of the later state of Liberia, similar efforts in the UK, however, led to colony foundation in Sierra Leone. The practical impact on the history and composition of the population of these States has been significant, while the returns actually made with a view of the U.S. population were numerically insignificant.

List of Kolonialisationsgesellschaften

  • Sierra Leone Company
  • Maryland State Colonization Society
  • African Colonization Society (1800-1816), in the state of Virginia formed, probably Richmond
  • American Colonization Society ( 1817 -? ) Was associated with the National Colonization Society. Samuel John Mills (1783-1818) was the founder, along with Robert Finley
  • International Migration Society ( IMS) ( 1894-1899 ), founded at the instigation of Henry McNeil Turner. IMS successfully brought three ships with African Americans to Liberia.
  • Liberia Exodus Joint Stock Steamship Company (1877-1880), sent a ship, the Azornach Liberia at the instigation of Martin Delany.
  • The National Colonization Society of America ( based in Washington, DC, December 1816 ) The most successful of the companies, became the national organization in which engaged many famous Americans. See: American Colonization Society
  • New York Colonization Society ( -? ) Was active in Liberia in the 1890s.
  • United Trans-Atlantic Society (1885-1887) was born in Kansas City, at the instigation of Benjamin " Pap " Singleton.
Newport (Rhode Island) Henry Wilson William Lloyd Garrison James G. Birney John Jay History of Liberia History of Sierra Leone
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