Computermonitor
For a computer monitor is a device that provides a screen for connection to a computer. Although it is based on the same technical basis as a screen for display of television and video data, it is different to that in standardization. This distinction is not absolute, because there is an increasing LCD / LED monitors, which are also suitable for television.
- 2.1 Analog data transmission 2.1.1 VGA ( Video Graphics Array)
- 2.2.1 Digital Visual Interface
- 2.2.2 Serial Digital Interface
- 2.2.3 Unified Display Interface
- 2.2.4 High Definition Multimedia Interface
- 2.2.5 Display Port
Technical types according to the type of imaging procedure
CRT monitors
By using different phosphors computer monitors of TV sets differ by the color space. There is also a different standardization: YUV color model in the TV, the RGB color space to the computer monitor.
Liquid crystal displays
While the computer monitor, the pixels are square ( pixel aspect ratio of 1:1 ), they are rectangular in SDTV screens to achieve an aspect ratio of 4:3. At 1920x1080 square pixels, the HDTV aspect ratio of 16:9 is achieved. However WUXGA monitors ( VESA standard ) have 1920x1200 pixels ( 16:10).
Vector screens
Vector based screens, such as an oscilloscope, to cathode ray tubes without pixel mask. You can display and refer to special systems use continuous images.
Data transmission
The connection of a TFT monitor is not just a matter of compatibility, but also the quality of the image. DVI is a digital interface for video cards and monitors ( Digital Visual Interface). VGA is the analog interface. The graphic data is digitally processed in the PC, which are then converted into the graphics card to analog signals. A TFT monitor requires digital signals to display images. If now a TFT monitor is powered via a VGA port, an analog - to-digital converter must translate the analog signal into a digital signal on the monitor. By converting the quality of the image is more or less attenuated, depending on the components used. Slight blur and flicker can be the result. The best combination is a graphics card with DVI digital output and a monitor with a DVI input. Per DVI -VGA adapter can also be a TFT monitor, which only has a VGA port, be operated on a graphics card with a DVI port, but with this method, the image will still be applied by analogy.
Analog data transmission
Here the line and frame synchronization signals are transmitted from the computer ( graphics card), while these are reconstructed at the TV from the blanking intervals of the video signal.
VGA ( Video Graphics Array)
The VGA port is an analog image transmission standard for plug and cable connections between the graphics card and the display devices. Here, the analog VGA signal is generated by the RAMDAC the graphics card. To be distinguished from VGA are the digital standards DVI, HDMI and UDI and the analog TV connections RGB, S -Video, and F -BAS to connect a TV to the graphics card. A more compact, sometimes used in laptops variation is mini- VGA.
Digital data transmission
Digital Visual Interface
Digital Visual Interface (DVI ) is a video interface for transmitting data. In the PC area, DVI is developed as a standard for connection of TFT monitors to the graphics card of a computer. In the field of consumer electronics, there are TVs that process with a DVI input signals from digital sources such as computer or DVD player.
DVI allows the simultaneous transmission of analogue and digital image data.
Serial Digital Interface
The Serial Digital Interface (SDI), a serial digital interface, primarily for transmission of uncompressed and unencrypted video data over coaxial cables or fiber optic cables. It comes mainly in the professional television studios and broadcasters to use.
The SDI interface is specified by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE ), and represents a further development of such as the PAL or NTSC method the analog video standard
Unified Display Interface
The Unified Display Interface ( UDI) should replace imported in 1986 VGA port. It should be compatible with digital DVI port, in addition to transfer audio data, and (like the DVI -compatible HDMI) support the HDCP signal encryption.
High Definition Multimedia Interface
High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is a technology developed from mid-2003 interface for full digital transmission of audio and video data in consumer electronics. Unifies existing methods, increased over these definitions of quality, and also also offers a coherent copy protection concept ( DRM) technology.
DisplayPort
DisplayPort ( DP) is a standardized by VESA universal and royalty-free connectivity standard for the transmission of video and audio signals. Applications are mainly for monitors and televisions to computers and similar devices.
Standard resolutions
In the IT sector exist both graphics standards, as well as typical resolutions for graphics modes, most are standardized on the VESA.
The screens are factory-set to a gamma of 2.2 and adjusted a color temperature of 6500K. Using color management software, these values can (if displayed ) to customize.
Flatscreens know how CRT monitors with cathode ray tube, a maximum and minimum displayable screen resolution. In flat panel technologies, but the maximum resolution is particularly important because it has been designed for its native resolution: Whereas with a CRT monitor all resolutions do not fit exactly over the native shadow mask and plays according blurred, a flat screen can pose its maximum resolution with 100 % clarity that most other resolutions need to be interpolated, and thus appear less sharp. Exceptions are resolutions, in which no intermediate pixels have to be interpolated, such as half or a quarter of the native resolution. The native resolution is given in the type description of the monitor.
As a desktop screen resolution of the operating system today is therefore particularly recommended the native ( = maximum ) Screen resolution of flat-screen monitor used. Modern operating systems like Windows 7 take on the scaling of the screen display to the desired display size itself, and allow the graphics card to drive the flat panel display in its native resolution.
Screen dimensions
The screen size is the size specification of the screen and always refers to the diagonal of the picture tube, this is slightly larger than the viewable screen usually. However, this does not apply to types that do not require a conventional picture tube, see flat screen TV. Other characteristics of a monitor are aspect ratio, the maximum vertical frequency from which a specific resolution ( eg 1024 × 768 pixels ) gives a refresh rate (eg 80 Hertz ( Hz) ), the brightness, the contrast, the reaction time and especially in liquid crystal displays, the number of pixels and the maximum viewing angle.
Calculation of the screen dimensions:
B: width of the screen
A: height of the screen
D: screen size
U: greater number of the resolution and the aspect ratio
V: number of smaller resolution or aspect ratio
A: Screen surface
Compatibility
The fixed number and arrangement of the pixels makes it impossible for a monitor processes the call intended for another graphics mode signals correctly. Even with tube monitors the deflection coils allow only a minimal change of image and line frequency. Therefore the hardware detection ensures the activation of an appropriate display driver, as well as an appropriate configuration of the graphics card.
To now, for example, to install a suitable driver for a failure of the hardware detection, now it requires in turn a display.
A standard computer monitors are therefore set up so that they bring a VGA compatible signal for display by recycling this for their needs.
Well-known manufacturer of computer monitors
- China Republic AOC
- United States Apple Inc.
- Asus Republic of China
- Germany Belinea
- China Republic BenQ
- Netherlands Philips
- Sony Japan
- Japan Toshiba
- Video Seven United States