Construct state

The status of the construct is a special form of the compound of two or more nouns, which is often called the genitive connection. It is common in Semitic languages ​​and can also be reconstructed for Proto -Semitic. Among the modern languages ​​with status constructus include, among other things Arabic, Hebrew, and Maltese. It is characteristic of status constructus connections that only the second component may be labeled as to its definiteness. Certain constructions in other Afro-Asiatic languages ​​like the Egyptian are similar, with them, the restrictions do not apply to the marking of definiteness, however.

Arabic

In the Arabic grammar of the status constructus الإضافة / al - iḍāfa ( lit. " the addition, annexation " ) is called.

It is expressed in the genitive compounds, and can be both determined to be indefinite in them. Are the nomen rectus the genitive connection ( the owner ) is determined ( in the jargon status determinatus ), is also the nomen regens, which is in the construct state, the importance of the status determinatus. Are the nomen rectus the genitive connection (the owners ) undefined ( in the jargon status indeterminatus ), is also the nomen regens, which is in the construct state, the importance of the status indeterminatus.

Example:

  • بنت is the construct state of the noun "girls".
  • ألأم means " mother ".
  • " The girl the mother " means بنت الأم.

(Note that from the أ, begins with the ألأم, due to other rules that have nothing to do with the genitive connection, a ا is. )

  • أم means " a mother ".
  • "A girl of a mother " means بنت أم.
  • The terms " A girl of the Mother" and " The girl of a mother " may not be a genitive compounds.

In the Hebrew grammar of the status constructus is called Smichut ( סמיכות, literally " support "). The first noun in the compound is in this case ( " Having Expectant end " ) as referred Nismach, the second noun as Somech ( " Supporting ").

  • Bayit - " a house "
  • HaBajit - "the house "
  • Bet - " a house of ..., a house of / the ... "
  • Sefer - "Book"
  • Bet sefer - " a school " (literally, " a house of the book" )
  • Bet Hasefer - "The School " (literally "the house of the book" )

Akkadian

Also in Akkadian, where there are three case (nom., gen., Accusative ), the Stat occurs. constr. in on genitive compounds. In contrast to West Semitic languages ​​with its original case system Akkadian nouns in status Constructus have no case ending.

The formation is different depending on the noun:

  • By omission of the case ending bāb - order - "door", ekall - order - "palace"
  • Construct state: bāb ekall - in - " Palace Gate "
  • Ummum - " mother," or the Betum BITUM - "House "
  • Construct state: to bītim - "the mother of the house"
  • Alpum - "cattle", awīlum - "man"
  • Construct state: alap awīlim - " Cattle of man"
  • Napištum - "life", awīlum - "man"
  • Construct state: napišti awīlim - " life of man "
  • Alum - "City ", St. c. Al or ALi.
  • BITUM - "House ", St. c. bit or Biti.
Maltese language Akkadian language
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