Converb
The term Konverb (English converb ) refers to specialized in linguistics adverbial verb forms.
Example from Turkish:
Gülerek gitti. " Laughing, he went / she. " ( To gülmek Konverb " laugh " )
You are not finite and also act neither as a complement of the finite main verb (ie, no verbal noun ) is still considered to qualify a noun (that are not attributes ).
As can be seen from the example, converbs can be reproduced in the English translation often by free participles ( " laughing ").
Languages with converbs
There are also Turkish, a number of other types of converbs. Other examples of converbs found in other Turkic languages , the Mongolian (like the Mongolian ) and Tungusic languages, but also in the äthiosemitischen, omotischen and Cushitic languages of Africa, in a way, in Romance and Slavic languages as well as in many other languages of the world, but mainly in languages with the basic word order of subject-object - verb ( SOV ).
Syntax of converbs
Converbs are usually a subordinate verb (similar to a subordinate clause ). Above all, gerunds, participles but also you can expect this. Typically, they are characterized by suffixes (such as - erek in the example above). In certain languages converbs can also neither attached to nor be subordinate (see Kosubordination ). Converbs may, in particular for the purpose of record linkage (English clause chaining / linking clause ) are used, with a number of such verbs in succession occurs and is completed by a finite verb.
Other terms
Other terms for types of converbs are gerund ( ium ), medial verb, adverbial participle, absolute construction ( for Romance languages ), gérondif (for the French ), conjunctive / absolutive participle ( for South Asian languages) and деепричастие / deepričastie (for the Russian and languages of the Caucasus, North and Central Asia ).
Origin of the terms
The term comes from the Konverb Altaistik and was first described by Ramstedt (1903 ) used ( Haspelmath 1995). The term medial verb comes from the description of Asian languages in which the Konverb is always in middle position because of the typical SOV.