Copper(I) chloride
Colorless to gray powder
Fixed
4.14 g · cm -3
426 ° C
1490 ° C ( decomposition)
0.1 hPa at 440 ° C
- Practically insoluble in water
- Soluble in diethyl ether
- Insoluble in ethanol, ethers and ketones
- Soluble in hydrochloric acid and ammonia to form complexes
- Soluble in amines, pyridine and nitriles
1.9727
Attention
0.1 mg · m-3
140 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)
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Copper ( I) chloride is a chemical compound containing copper and chloride of formula CuCl. It is a Lewis acid. Copper ( I) chloride is crystallized in the sphalerite structure.
Occurrence
Copper ( I) chloride occurs naturally as a mineral Nantokit.
Production and representation
Copper ( I) chloride may be produced in semi-concentrated hydrochloric acid by the reduction of copper ( II) sulfate with sodium. Further possibilities for the preparation are the reduction of copper (II ) chloride with boiling hydrochloric acid in the electrolytic copper or zinc, hypophosphorous acid, hydrazine or sodium sulfite
And by precipitation from kochsalzhaltiger copper sulfate solution by durchgeleitetem sulfur dioxide.
Alternatively, copper ( I) chloride is formed during the heating of the copper ( II) chloride with copper metal as a complex acid H [ CuCl2 ] in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Upon dilution of the solution, it decomposes with elimination of hydrochloric acid and formation of a white, sparingly soluble precipitate of CuCl.
Industrially, it is produced by the reaction of copper with chlorine at temperatures 450-900 ° C.
Properties
Pure copper (I ) chloride is white as snow, but by oxidation to basic copper (II ) chloride Cu ( OH ) Cl often greenish.
A solution of copper (I ) chloride in the ammonia to be absorbed in the layer, carbon monoxide, to form the complex compound [ CuCl (CO) ( H 2 O) 2]. Similarly form corresponding complexes except ammonia, acetylene and olefins. It has a crystal structure of zinc-blende - type with the space group F43m (a = 541.6 pm ). At 407 ° C the transition to a high-temperature modification of wurtzite - type is done with the space group P63mc (a = 391, c = 642 pm ). The enthalpy of formation is -138.1 kJ / mol.
Use
Copper ( I) chloride is used:
- As the catalyst for many organic reactions (MCS synthesis)
- Phosgene to polycarbonate preparation
- In the Sandmeyer reaction
- In the olefin oxidation
- In the ammoxidation to acrylonitrile
- For the preparation of phthalocyanine blue pigments
- For the absorption of carbon monoxide in a gas burette