Córdoba, Andalusia

Córdoba [ koɾðoβa ] is the capital of the province of Cordoba, in Spain and the third largest city of Andalusia.

  • 3.1 Town twinning
  • 5.1 Structures
  • 5.2 Museums
  • 6.1 sons and daughters of the city

Geography

Córdoba is the Guadalquivir.

Climate

Córdoba has a continental Mediterranean climate, which is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. The winters are mild, frost is rare. The summers are usually very hot with high daily temperature fluctuations. The average maximum temperatures are the highest in Europe. In the summer more than 40 ° C can be achieved on a regular basis. The average temperatures in July and August are 27 ° C. Due to the influence of the Atlantic Rainfall is concentrated on the cooler months of December to February. The annual rainfall varies greatly, but can exceed 500 mm.

The highest temperature ever recorded by the Observatorio del Aeropuerto de Córdoba, is 46.6 ° C (July 23, 1995). The lowest temperature was -8.2 ° C (28 January 2005).

History

Córdoba dates back to an ancient Iberian settlement. It was 169 BC occupied by the Romans and developed as Corduba to the capital of southern Spain. In the 3rd or 4th century Corduba became a bishop. One of the first bishops to have been Ossius ( Hosius ), which, inter alia, significant influence as advisors Constantine the Great, the Council of Nicaea.

After the destruction by the Vandals Córdoba remained part of the Visigoth kingdom. From 554-571 it belonged to the Byzantine Empire. After the reconquest by the Visigoths 572, it lost its importance and fell into disrepair.

711 the city was conquered by the Moors, was from 716 temporary seat of the governor of al -Andalus and from 756 the capital of the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba. In the 10th century the Caliphate of Córdoba was built. During this time, about half a million people lived in Córdoba (Arabic قرطبة, Qurtuba ), which was one of the largest cities in the known world at that time. Christians, Jews and Muslims lived mostly peacefully together.

After the fall of the Caliphate won in the time of the Taifa kingdoms, first in 1031, the Moorish dynasty of Dschahwariden the rule, which was replaced in 1069 by the Abbadids from Seville. After its collapse in 1091, the town belonged to the dominion of the Berber dynasty of the Almoravids. In 1148 the city was conquered by the Almohads, 1236 as part of the Reconquista by Christian troops for Castile (Fall of Córdoba).

During the Spanish War of Independence, the city on June 8, 1808 was occupied by French troops under General Pierre Dupont de l' Etang, looted and largely destroyed.

Policy

Córdoba is the only major city in Spain, Izquierda Unida in the (IU ) and the Communist Party of Spain ( PCE) since the transition to democracy a long time led the city government. In the local elections on May 22, 2011, the candidate of the People's Party ( Partido Popular), Jose Antonio Nieto, was elected with 48 % of the valid votes for new mayor. The People's Party got 16 of the 29 city council seats. Thus, the People's Party in Cordoba can govern without a coalition with other parties.

Twinning

Córdoba has the following twinning:

  • Pakistan Lahore, Pakistan since 1968
  • Tunisia Kairouan, Tunisia, since 1968
  • Morocco Fes, Morocco since 1969
  • Argentina Córdoba, Argentina since 1969
  • Mexico Cordoba, Mexico since 1980
  • Uzbekistan Bukhara, Uzbekistan since 1983
  • Smara Western Sahara, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic since 1987
  • Cuba Havana, Cuba since 2000
  • Syria Damascus, Syria since 2002
  • Germany Nuremberg, Germany since 2010
  • Turkey Adana, Turkey

Friendship agreements exist with:

  • United Kingdom Manchester, United Kingdom
  • France Bourg en Bresse, France
  • Belgium La Louviere, Belgium
  • Portugal Amadora, Portugal

The partnership with the City of Nuremberg ( Germany ), was signed on May 6, 2010. The mayors of both cities had signed a memorandum of explanation in Nuremberg on October 3, 2009. The partnership goes eV on the friendship and twinning initiative Nuremberg - Cordoba, an initiative which has existed since 1961 Centro Español Nuremberg, back.

Traffic

Traffic Technically Córdoba is well connected. It is located on one of the Spanish high-speed routes (Madrid - Sevilla) the state railway company Renfe. By car you can reach in a short time the next major cities of Seville and Granada. Córdoba is situated on the Spanish A 4 ( Autovia del Sur ) Madrid - Cordoba - Seville - Jerez de la Frontera, the A 41 branches from the Cordoba to Ciudad Real. Córdoba has a small airport, its expansion is planned. So far, travelers are largely dependent on the surrounding Airports Malaga, Seville and Madrid.

Particular attention was paid in recent years to the promotion of cycling. As of 2003, a network of bike paths and bike routes through the city was built within a few years, and established a rental bike system. The share of cycling in the modal split was thereby increased quickly from 0.2 % to 6.6 %, and will be further increased in 2015 to 15%.

Culture and sights

The city is regarded as one of the tourist attractions in Spain. Since 1984 she is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Structures

  • The Great Mosque is the most important monument of the city. The Emir Abd ar - Rahman I started 785 with the construction of a mosque, which was extended several times and with an area of ​​23,000 square meters would be the third largest in the world today. Approximately 860 marble columns in parallel rows each carry two superimposed arches and thus bring about a particular play of light and shadow. Probably the most important prayer niche of Moorish origin, built about 960 of al - Hakam II mihrab, a domed shrine of Byzantine mosaics. 1236, the year of reconquest by the Christians, the Mosque to the Christian cathedral was consecrated. The mosque was so great that one from 1523 234 years could build a huge nave in the Renaissance style in their midst.
  • The so-called Roman bridge, also include Puente Viejo (Spanish for " Old Bridge " ) called, with direct views of the Mezquita via the Guadalquivir and has 16 arches. It was ( BC 45) built after the battle of Munda by the Romans and was once part of the Via Augusta. The bridge was completely rebuilt in the 10th century by the Moorish caliphs who resided and still been renovated several times, even after the Reconquista. A monument of the Archangel Raphael in the 17th century is located in the central part of the bridge.
  • The " Torre de la Calahorra " was averted as a watchtower at the old town in the Middle Ages built at the end of the Roman bridge. Today is a museum of Roger Garaudy Foundation, which deals with the coexistence of the different religions in the Caliphate period, housed therein.
  • The " Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos " is built on the plan of an older Arab castle in the 14th century castle with a beautiful and spacious and the layered gardens. In the rooms of the palace are, inter alia, to two mosaics from the 2nd century and some Roman sarcophagi dating from the 3rd century.
  • The Palacio de Viana is one of the most historically important palaces in Córdoba. He has now a museum with a beautiful backdrop of crisscrossed by terraces and galleries architecture of the 16th century, which was repeatedly rebuilt. You can admire in the museum next to a major library and several rooms with Flemish tapestries, muskets, silver, antique furniture, and more.
  • The ruined palace Medina Azahara is located in the immediate vicinity of the city, about 8 km to the west.
  • The Jewish Quarter is the old town, in the earlier Jews and Arabs lived. In its narrow streets you will find numerous dining facilities and the only one of 300 former synagogues of Córdoba, which was not destroyed by the Christian Reconquista after the expulsion of Jews and Muslims.
  • Built in the 14th century Sinagoga de Córdoba is one of the few synagogues obtained from this time in Spain. It is accessible via a courtyard, the entrance portal rich stucco decorations are placed in the Mudejar style.
  • The Califales Baños ( Baths of the caliphs ) were built in the 10th century and are now open near the Alcazar de los Reyes Cristianos as an exhibition. About panels and videos the functioning of the old Arab baths is explained.
  • The " Plaza de la Corredera " is an impressive square of the city, on which all buildings are kept in a Castilian style. The place was originally a venue for bullfights and horse racing. Its present appearance dates from the 17th century and was designed by architect Antonio Ramos from Salamanca.
  • The " Plaza del Potro " ( place of the foal ) was prepared by a fountain, which was built in 1577 and a foal is named. The main building on the square is the old inn " Posada del Potro " of the 15th century, which was also mentioned in Miguel de Cervantes' masterpiece " Don Quixote ", and lingered too often here. It has been preserved in its original state as a typical building of the time: the rooms are arranged around a flower- decorated courtyard.
  • The " Plaza de los Capuchinos " is listed as one of the most beautiful places of Cordoba. Far away from the tourist stream is located on this quiet place the venerated by the inhabitants Jesus statue ' Cristo de los Faroles ".
  • In the city center next to City Hall are the ruins of the " Roman temple " ( Templo Romano). The temple with the mighty pillars dating back to the 1st century, the so-called era of " Flavius ​​".
  • The " Plaza de las Tendillas " (Square of the small shops ) lies between the historic Old Town and the modern center of the city. A generous pedestrian area surrounding the standing in the middle of the square equestrian statue of the Gran Capitan. To create a pleasant atmosphere in the square the many fountains and water features provide.
  • The so-called " Gate of Almodovar " is of Arabic origin, originally Walnut Gate ( Bab al - Chawz ) and was one of the inputs in the west wall of Cordoba. It lies at the western end of the central old town and adjacent to the Jewish Quarter. Its present appearance dates from the 14th century. It consists of two prismatic towers with a massive archway between. This massive archway was concentrated in the early nineteenth century by a wall, where a rectangular lintel forms the current goal. The masonry consists of bricks and was supplemented with bricks. There is a lattice point of view of the gate. Both the parapet above the door and the entire city wall is reinforced with battlements. Before the gate was a garden in the early 1950s, created and erected a statue of the philosopher Seneca of Cordoba.

Museums

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the city

  • Seneca the Elder (c. 54 v. Chr.-ca. 39 AD), orator and writer, father of Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus and Seneca the Younger
  • Seneca the Younger (ca. 1-65 ), Latin Stoic philosopher and
  • Lucan ( 39-65 ), Latin poet
  • Ossius of Córdoba (ca. 257 -ca. 357), Bishop of Córdoba and Church Father
  • Abbas ibn Firnas (around 810-887 or 888), poet and scholar
  • Abd ar -Rahman III. ( 891-961 ), first Caliph of Córdoba
  • Ibn Hazm (994-1064), Arab polymath
  • Averroes ( Ibn Rushd di ) ( 1126-1198 ), Moorish philosopher, physician and mystic
  • Maimonides (1138-1204), Jewish religious philosopher, physician, and jurist
  • Luis de Góngora y Argote (1561-1627), poet and playwright
  • Antonio del Castillo y Saavedra (1616-1668), painter and sculptor
  • Julio Romero de Torres (1874-1930), painter
  • Carlos Villalba Arias (1892-1976), film actor
  • Manolete, actually: Manuel Rodríguez Sánchez (1917-1947), bullfighters
  • Gabi Delgado - López (born 1958 ), singer
  • Vicente Amigo (1967 ) ( guitar)

Gallery

Mezquita - Catedral, inside

Mezquita - Catedral, inside

Great Mosque, Mihrab

Mezquita, Moorish dome

Mezquita - Catedral, facade

Mezquita - Catedral, baroque upper floors of the tower

Mezquita - Catedral, built nave

Torre de la Calahorra

Palacio de Viana

Sinagoga de Córdoba

Baños Califales ( Caliph baths)

Plaza de las Tendillas

Roman bridge with Mezquita and Torre de la Calahorra

Plaza del Potro

" Fohlenbrunnen " Plaza del Potro

Corredera

Others

Especially in the spring, there are several popular festivals in Cordoba, ferias. The most famous is the Feria de Mayo, which takes place in May. There is also the Cruces, a festival during which provide the individual parts of the city in a competitive setting up of flowers crosses. At Easter, the Brotherhoods ( Hermandades ) are organized processions. This life-size representations of the Passion and Marie figures are carried through the city center. In addition to medieval representations today and contemporary works of art (especially by Antonio Bernal Redondo ) carried on the shoulders of Costaleros.

Every year in May also found the Concurso de Patios Cordobeses held a competition in which the most beautiful patio is selected. The private, not otherwise accessible courtyards are opened for this occasion for locals and tourists. The festival was in 2012 by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

Documents

List of postal codes in Spain Iberians al-Andalus Abbadid dynasty Berber people Almoravid dynasty Almohad Caliphate United Left (Spain) al-Hakam II. Sarcophagus Garajonay National Park Ibiza Monte Perdido Aranjuez Cuenca, Spain Santiago de Compostela Segovia Toledo, Spain Siega Verde Alhambra Burgos Cathedral Generalife Hospital de Sant Pau Lugo Poblet Monastery Baeza Seville Cathedral Tarragona Comarca Alto Guadalquivir Los Pedroches Valle del Guadiato Cabra, Spain Carcabuey Lucena, Córdoba Luque, Spain Montilla Pedro Abad Posadas, Spain Pozoblanco Zuheros
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