Crackles

Rattle noise (synonym: RG, English crackles, rales ) short RG, are on auscultation ( listening- ) of the lung perceptible noise phenomena, caused by movement of fluids or secretions in the airways during inspiration and expiration. They are among the breathing ambient noises, which are superimposed on the normal breath sounds, and indicate pathological changes of the lung. The term " rattling sound " applies, according to recent guidelines as obsolete, it is still often used in clinical practice as a synonym for discontinuous breathing noises.

Classification

Discontinuous breath noise

Intermittent noise (formerly damp or non-musical noise / rattle noise) are highly fluid secretions generated (for example, edema fluid ) - particularly during inhalation ( inspiration). They can be divided into three classes:

• Coarsely blistered (also:. blistered large, English English coarse crackles )
• Medium vesicular
• Small vesicular (also:. finely vesicular, engl english fine crackles )

The sound character indicates which section is affected airway. Coarse -bubble rales occur in sections with larger lumens, fine bubble rales in small lumen sections. Coarse -bubble rales are found accordingly, especially with pulmonary edema or bronchiectasis. Sometimes they are so clear that they can be heard without a stethoscope. Vesicle RG medium occur, for example in the context of bronchitis. Fine bubble rales are typical of a problem near the alveoli, for example in the context of pneumonia.

The sound aspect moist rales depends on the layers of tissue that are located between the stethoscope and the diseased tissue area. Therefore, there are three further noise properties:

• Sounding
• Non- sounding
• Metallic

Sounding rales have a higher pitch and speak for a " close to the ear " findings. In non- sounding rales the finding "ear remote " is more, that is, the inside of the lungs, close to the bronchi. A metallic sound of the rattle noise is recorded in pneumothorax.

Continuous breathing noises

Continuous noise (formerly dry or musical noise / rattle noise) are stridor, buzzing, whistling, wheezing. Narrowing of airways by viscous secretions, often in conjunction with mucosal swelling, solve an accelerated flow, generates the audible vibrations of the air column in the airways and sound more melodic than intermittent noise.

• Stridor is a case of inhalation or exhalation audible over the air tube flow noise, which can be propagated through the oral cavity to the outside. A stridor results in a narrowing of the upper airway.
• Hum (English rhonchi ) is a low frequency noise generated by irregular, changing pads and floating threads of slime in the large airways. By blowing between two closely held together sheets of paper, creating a buzzing sound, which ceased with the cessation of the breath stream.
• Whistling / wheezing (English wheeze ). Pipe is a high frequency noise that occurs as a severe narrowing of the airways by mucus or contraction of airways. Pipe is produced in everyday life in the squeaky sounding evacuation of a gas from a reservoir with a narrow outlet. Wheezing is the orchestral sounding together of breathing air that escapes hampered by restricted smallest airways ( bronchioles ) in the large airways. Whistling and wheezing are often used interchangeably. This is typical of respiratory sound Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.