Crambe maritima

Illustration of Real Sea kale ( Crambe maritima L.)

The real sea kale ( Crambe maritima ) is a plant from the family of cruciferous plants ( Brassicaceae). It grows naturally on the beaches of the North and Baltic Sea and the Black Sea. In Oregon, she is a neophyte.

• 9.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The True ocean carbon grows as a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches a plant height of 20 to 50, rarely up to 75 cm. It is formed a thick and branched root. The squat, upright stem is branched from the base to sparrig.

The leaves are in basal rosettes and distributed on the stem. The lower large, cabbage -like leaves are petiolate 4 to 16 cm long. The blue-green, fleshy, and bare leaf blade with a length of 10 to 40 cm and a width of 8 to 30 cm oblong or elliptic- ovate to ovate with lobed and wavy edge. The upper leaves are similar; the top have an irregularly divided or sinuate - toothed margins.

Generative features

The flowering period extends from May to July. The highly branched, many flowered inflorescence is doldentraubige. The scented flowers are hermaphrodite and cruciform. The four sepals have a length of 3 to 4 mm and a width of 2 to 3.5 mm. The four white petals have a length of 8 to 12 ( 6 to 15 ) mm and a width of (4 to ) to 5 to 7 mm. The filaments are 3 to 4 mm long, and the dust bag are 1 to 1.5 mm long.

The squat fruit stalk has a length of 1.5 to 3 (1 through 3:7) cm. The two-tier silicles stem is shaped in the lower part with a length of 1 to 4 mm. The upper part is with a length of 0.7 to 1.2 ( to 1.4 ) cm and a diameter of 6 to 8 mm nearly spherical to oval, hard-shelled, ribbed and annoying network and contains only one seed. The buoyant seeds is 4-5 (up to 6) mm. The fruits are naturally distributed in the surf zone.

The chromosome number is 2n = 30, 60

Ecology

The real sea kale is a Hemikryptophyt, and a salt plant, or a so-called Halophyt.

The flowers are " stem plate flowers". Your Pollination is by insects, but also self-pollination is possible. The fruits are spherical, single-seeded nut fruits, a second stalk -like fruit tray contains no seeds. The diasporas are subject to wind and floating spread. The seeds are rich in fatty oil.

Occurrence

The range extends from Jordan, the European part of Turkey, the European part of Russia, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany, the northern part of the Netherlands, France, Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine to eastern Bulgaria and eastern Romania.

The Ordinary sea cabbage growing on the coasts of northern and western Baltic Sea and the Black Sea. As it grows strongly saline soils (sand and gravel ), he has little competition in the plant kingdom. Therefore seakale perennials impact when standing on otherwise largely barren coastal areas. The traditional use as food and feed has had its stocks to the presence of strongly shrinking, so that it grows only in protected areas or difficult to access beach areas.

Use

The Ordinary sea carbon is collected as wild vegetables. In England (since the mid-18th century ) and France sea cabbage is grown as a vegetable. However, he thrives inland less well.

System

The first publication of Crambe maritima was performed in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 2, p 671 are synonyms for Crambe maritima L.: Cakile pontica Prokudin, Cochlearia maritima (L.) Crantz, Crambe pontica Steven ex Rupr ..

Ingredients

Sea kale contains vitamin C, glucosinolates and minerals. The salty flavor of the leaves is typical of the sea cabbage.

Conservation

The real sea kale is in Germany and in other European countries under protection. As it is, despite ban still harvested and the coastal areas, where it occurs naturally, have been grazed (Denmark), he is still very much at risk, and is outside of non access protected areas only extremely rarely.

Others

Other Crambe species there are in the Canary Islands ( Crambe strigosa, Astydamia latifolia ) and the Caucasus ( Crambe cordifolia ). The latter is also cultivated in European gardens as nectar and fragrant plant.

Swell

• Ihsan A. Al - Shehbaz, John F. Gaskin: Brassicaceae in the Flora of North America, Volume 7, 2010, p 431: Crambe maritima - Online. (Section Description, distribution and systematics)
• R. Duell / H. Kutzelnigg: Pocket Dictionary of Plants in Germany and neighboring countries, 7th Edition, Quelle & Meyer Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1
• Real sea cabbage. In: FloraWeb.de.