Crevice weaver

Filistatidae is a family of Real spiders. It is also called the German Bellmann (1997) "hole tube spiders " and includes 112 described species in 17 genera, which are distributed worldwide. In Switzerland, only Pritha nana (Simon, 1868) has been demonstrated ( view et al., 2004). Other members of the family have not yet been found in Central Europe.

Form and particulars of

Determining feature of the family is the egg-shaped when viewed from above cephalothorax ( prosoma ) and the eye position. The eight eyes are close together on a hill at the upper end edge, well ahead of the front end of the Prosomas ( Bellman, Heimer and Nentwig, 1991). Filistata species have no distinct pattern. The shape of the sternum and the presence of Cribellums are important features. The males are only in autumn and winter ( Tropen! ) found ( Sauer and Wunderlich, 1985).

The largest species of the family is with 7 mm (male ) to 14 mm (females ) Filistata insidiatrix ( Forsköl, 1775) ( Bellmann ). F. insidiatrix has a gray abdomen ( opisthosoma ) and a yellow-brown prosoma with strong legs. The eight eyes are close together on a common hill ( Bellmann, Heimer & Nentwig, 1991).

Pritha nana is only 2.5 to 4.4 mm in size. The females live for several years, the males are annual. Older and false names for P. nana are Filistata vestita, F. debilis and F. nana ( Platnick, 2005).

Way of life

The members of the Filistatidae live between rocks, in cracks in the walls or crevices in which it burrows weave itself, which open after outward like a funnel and pass into a dense fabric cribellater tentacles (catch Wool, see spider web ). Radial radiating threads complement the catch tissue ( Bellman, 1997). The disk-shaped catch carpet of Filistata can reach the size of a palm. The shimmering white cribellate threads hold back the booty and the spider snaps out of her burrow in which it resides almost exclusively. In this burrow, the female guarded her egg sac ( Sauer and Wunderlich, 1985). The animals of the genus Filistata up to ten years old are ( Foelix, 1979; Sauer and Wunderlich, 1985).

Dissemination

The Filistatidae form a relatively small spider family with 17 genera. Of 21 species, only the females of other species, only 5 males are known. Many species are known only by a single taxonomic publication. One reason for the low level of knowledge about this spider family could be their way of life hidden in inaccessible mountain regions. Because of their inconspicuous coloring and difficult distinguishable habit many species are to be determined clearly only by the examination of her genital tract. Pholcoides Afghana was transferred in 2009 from the family Pholcidae in the Filistatidae family.

The distribution area of the family lies in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World. These include Southern Europe and Minor and Central Asia, China, Australia and Oceania, and parts of Africa. In the north, the range extends to the 47th degree of latitude.

The genera Filistatinella ( Gertsch & Ivie, 1936) and Kukulcania ( Lehtinen, 1967) are located in North America and often " Brown recluse spider" with the ( Loxosceles reclusa ) be mistaken there. The genus Filistatoides ( Pickard - Cambridge, 1899) is found in South America.

Sahastata nigra (Simon, 1897) is distributed according to Platnick (2005) from the Mediterranean to India; during the three species of the genus Sahastata ( Benoit, 1968) in India and Yemen are located. Pritha nana is by Platnick (2005) only in the Mediterranean but by Maurer & Hänggi established in 1990 in Switzerland ( view et al., 2004). Filistata Also insidiatrix and Pritha pallida ( Kulczyn'ski, 1897) have been found in the Mediterranean.

Genera

The following genera belong to the family of Filistatidae:

  • Afrofilistata,
  • Andoharano,
  • Filistata,
  • Filistatinella,
  • Filistatoides,
  • Kukulcania,
  • Lihuelistata,
  • Microfilistata,
  • Misionella,
  • Pholcoides,
  • Pikelinia,
  • Pritha,
  • Sahastata,
  • Tricalamus,
  • Wall Ella,
  • Yardiella and
  • Zaitunia.

Swell

  • Heiko Bellmann: Cosmos Atlas Arachnids Europe. Kosmos, Stuttgart 1997 ISBN 3-440-07025-5
  • T. glance, R. Bosmans, J. Buchar, P. Gajdoš, A. Hänggi, P. Van Helsdingen, V. Ružicka, W. Starega & K. Thaler: Checklist of the spiders of Central Europe. Checklist of the spiders of Central Europe. (Arachnida: Araneae). Version 1, 2004 - Internet. :
  • Rainer F. Foelix: Biology of spiders. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1979 ISBN 3- 13-575801 -X
  • Stefan Heimer and Wolfgang Nentwig: spiders of Central Europe. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin 1991 ISBN 3-489-53534-0
  • Heimer & Nentwig (1991 ): Spiders of Central Europe - Family Key
  • Norman I. Platnick, 2005: The World Spider Catalog, version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History.
  • Frieder Sauer and Jörg Wunderlich, Jörg: The most beautiful spiders in Europe. Fauna -Verlag, Karl field 1985
Haplogynae Anton Ausserer Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge Digital Object Identifier
334322
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