Crown lands of France

In France, the development of the royal domain, the Domaine royal was, from its humble beginnings to the time in which almost the whole kingdom belonged, the ultimate center of the political unification of the country to the enforcement of absolutism and centralism. Since the end of the reign of Henry IV in 1610 was the Domaine royal identical with the Kingdom of France. It was not until the French Revolution and the Decree of 21 November 1790, the crown domain was dissolved and transferred nationally in the Republican Domaine.

Development of the Domaine royal

The Domaine royal was at the accession of Hugh Capet 987 almost exclusively of royal privileges and beyond from an area that was fragmented into several parts and also a comparison with the sphere, for example, the counts of Blois and Champagne from 1022 could not withstand.

In the Ile- de -France, the county Senlis and the castle were only Bailiwick ( Châtellenie ) Poissy part of the domaine royal, since Hugh Capet the counties of Paris, Melun and Dreux Count Burchard I. Venerable of Vendôme granted for its support in return had given; Paris and Melun received Hugo's son Robert II in 1016 back, Dreux his grandson Henry I. 1023.

Moreover, belonged to the south the counties Orléans Etampes and the Domaine royal and accounted for the bulk of the possession of. In the north the dominions Attigny in the county of Rethel, and the important fortress of Montreuil included in Ponthieu it.

In the period up to the throne of King Philip II in 1180 was only able to connect the distributed property together: Henry I acquired in 1055 the county Sens, Philip I in 1068, the county Gâtinais, 1074 the Vexin français and 1108, the Septaine de Bourges, Ludwig VI. 1112, the county Corbeil and 1118 the county Montlhery.

Only Philip II succeeded the ultimate extension of the royal domain to the west ( Normandy ) and south ( Loire), in particular through victories against the prevailing English; his successors Louis VIII and Louis IX. fell of Poitou and Languedoc to. This was offset by the introduction of appanages with which younger members of the royal family were cared for, and limit the scope of the direct access of the king was temporarily reduced considerably.

In the 14th century, about a third of France was under royal administration, in the 16th century it was the acquisition of Bourbon and Brittany, at the beginning of the 17th century the possession, brought Henry IV into his office.

Chronology of the growth of the French royal domain

Reign of Robert II (996-1031)

Reign of Henry I (1031-1060)

Reign of Philip I. (1060-1108)

Reign of Philip II (1180-1223)

Reign of Louis IX. (1226-1270)

Reign of Philip III. (1270-1285)

Reign of Philip IV (1285-1314)

Reign of Philip VI. (1328-1350)

Reign of Charles V (1364-1380)

  • May 27 1364: The town of Villiers Monti is dissolved out of the county Longueville and directly integrated into the Domaine royal.
  • 1371: Purchase of the county of Auxerre

Reign of Charles VII (1422-1461)

Reign of Louis XI. (1461-1483)

Reign of Charles VIII (1483-1498)

Reign of Louis XII. (1498-1515)

  • June 1498: the County of Provence and the County of Forcalquier
  • August 25, 1498: the county of Comminges is re-integrated into the Domaine royal.

Reign of Francis I (1515-1547)

  • Inclusion of the Duchy of Valois, which was awarded as early as the 12th century by the Capetian as appanage
  • 1532: annexation of the Duchy of Brittany

From the reign of Francis I. the terms Domaine royal and France are mixed together. With the betrayal of the Constable of Bourbon and the government takeover of Henry IV, the last feudal be incorporated within the boundaries of the Kingdom of

Reign of Louis XIV (1643-1715)

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