Crvenka

Crvenka ( Serbian Cyrillic Црвенка, Hungarian Cserwenka, German ( obsolescent ) Tscherwenka or Rotweil ) is a city in the Opština Kula in Okrug Zapadna Bačka in the province of Vojvodina in Serbia. The site was declared a town in 1978 and in 2002 had about 10,300 inhabitants. The town lies on the Great Backa Canal.

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Geographical Location and Climate

The city is located at the large Bačka Canal in Okrug Zapadna Bačka and belongs to the municipality of Kula. It is located 148 km north of the capital Belgrade and 63 km from Novi Sad, as well as 33 kilometers east of Sombor in the northern Serbian Backa lowland in the Pannonian plain. The region is mostly flat land.

It is located in the temperate zone and has a typical Pannonian climate, with low rainfall, hot summers and cold winters.

History

Prehistory and antiquity

The region around Crvenka was during his prehistoric era long time covered by water, the in the area between the Danube and the opposite also in Okrug Zapadna Bačka Telečka plateau was a large lake, which was described by Roman historians as Sweet Lake. At that time it was possible to travel by boat to the Middle Mountains Fruska Gora.

In the city they found remains of prehistoric animals such as the mammoth. The region was most likely inhabited BC, during the Early Neolithic, the region belonged to Starčevo culture is, however, the later the Celts were settled in the area around Crvenka.

So you found by archaeological excavations in the immediate vicinity of objects from the Celtic and Roman times, including urns, pottery, as well as Celtic and Roman coins, the latter as Follis known on which Constantine the Great was depicted, and which originate from the Republic of Venice. From the middle of the 1st century to the 4th century, the region belonged to the dominion of the Jazyges. From the 5th century masse came Slavic tribes in the region before, and from the 9th century Finno -Ugric tribes who settled in the area.

Middle Ages

First mentioned was the place in the 16th century, when the area was part of the Ottoman Empire. In the second half of the 17th century, the region was no longer inhabited.

In 1785 610 families were settled. Of the colonists originated about 150 families from Alsace, 200 from the Palatinate, Hesse came from 70 and 30 families from the Saarland. Other families came from Baden and Württemberg and other German states. The settlement of Tscherwenka was part of the so-called "Third Swabian migration " under Emperor Joseph II of Austria - Hungary. It was the largest community in the Josephine settlement phase, and in 1944 with about 8000 German inhabitants to Apatin the largest community of this ethnic group in Backa.

For the colonists was mainly Ulm collection point, from where the journey began on the Danube with small ships, the " Ulmer Boxes". For a stay in Vienna the deportation formalities were handled ( logged), then was continued driving down the Danube as far as Apatin. From there, the settlers were distributed in the villages newly created. The scale according to a development Tscherwenka consisted of five nearly two kilometers. long longitudinal streets, later a sixth to do so. The longitudinal streets were crisscrossed by six cross streets (cross streets ). The place is an example of a completed, checkerboard-like plant with generous road layout. The settlement belonged to the group of the Danube Swabians.

At the end of the Second World War the majority of the ethnic German inhabitants fled in 1944 (90 %) Tscherwenkas. Of the remaining population in Tscherwenka 312 people perished in camps. Many in and around Munich, in Baden- Württemberg, Rhineland -Palatinate, in Austria, in Canada and in the U.S. a new home Of the approximately 7,000 refugees in October 1944 Tscherwenkaern found. There have been moved by the Yugoslav authorities, other sectors of the population in the village, the existing houses were repopulated. It changed the ethnic structure of the place. The caused by the exodus of the Danube Swabians settlement gaps were closed by settlers from Bosnia and Montenegro again.

Sports

The flagship of the city is the handball club RK Crvenka.

Population

In the settlement attracted 610 families with 2,500 persons in 453 completed homes. Due to diseases and epidemics (Ruhr), there was a decline in population, only in 1808 was the original number of about 2,500 can be achieved. Until 1869, the population increased to about 6,900 people and by 1900 there were about 7,600. In the 1931 census, 10,000 people were registered summarizes, of which about 7,000 persons of German ethnicity.

Today, mainly Serbs, Montenegrins and Hungarians live in Crvenka.

Economic structure

The economic structure of the community was mainly dominated by agriculture, the wine, the sugar factory, distillery, livestock farming and food production, their products were largely exported.

A special feature of the place were the 630 wineries that lined up with the typical round nose attracted the slope of Telečka along. The wine cellar of the individual basement penetrated far into the Lößhang. Each winery had its own wine cellar, which included the personal wine cellar of the winemaker.