Cubist sculpture

The Cubist sculpture developed in time during Cubism in painting from 1909. The bronze sculpture Head of a Woman ( Fernande ) from 1909 by Pablo Picasso is regarded as the first cubist sculpture and designated by the research as " incunabula of Cubist sculpture". It represents his then girlfriend Fernande Olivier dar. The British art historian Douglas Cooper also leads the Czech sculptor Otto Gutfreund as a first representative of Cubist sculpture. However, the cubist sculpture only in the 1920s gained its heyday.

Aristide Maillol, who broke away from the picturesque concepts and the Rodin sculpture led to the rhythmically abstracted volume, is considered the precursor of Cubist sculpture. The actual Cubist sculpture by Picasso was supported by reliefs and three-dimensional works of Russian Alexander Archipenko, Henri Laurens and the Frenchman Jacques Lipchitz the Lithuanian. Other early representatives of the German Rudolf Belling, the Romanian Constantin Brancusi and the Frenchman Raymond Duchamp-Villon.

Development

When not trained as a sculptor Picasso created between the years 1909 and 1930 sculptures, which should have a major influence on the sculpture of the 20th century. Three-dimensional works accompanied his work and served as a testing ground for his painterly oeuvre. His innovations he did not pursue, but they served as inspiration contemporary sculptors such as the Futurists, the Dadaists and the Constructivists.

The French sculptor Henri Laurens met Braque in 1911, and began his paintings, collages and sculptures to create the cubist style. Another important representative is Jacques Lipchitz, whose sculptural work is influenced by Cubism.

The faceted, multi-layered design inspired the Italian Futurist Umberto Boccioni, who had seen the new 1912 sculptures of the Cubists in studio visits in Paris. Boccioni extended the design principle of Cubist " Vielperspektivik " by a factor of dynamics.

The cubism related Romanian sculptor Constantin Brancusi reduced the refinement of his sculptures to the utmost and experimented in the proportions with the balance, taking a " metaphorical reference " lent its objects. Hans Arp, Cubism and Futurism oriented, transferred this principle later on basic organic forms. Picasso turned the principle of simultaneity, which he had found in the painting in nested areas of color in the multi stick structuring its object art. In the subsequent period, for example, Alexander Archipenko, Raymond Duchamp - Villon, Otto Freundlich and William Wauer took a similarly fanned surface design.

In later years working artists such as Alberto Giacometti, Willem de Kooning and Henry Moore with three-dimensional methods, which are based on reasonable grounds in Cubism design principles of Vielperspektivik and dynamics.

Umberto Boccioni: Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913, Museum of Modern Art, New York

Henri Laurens: Undinerna, 1934 Marabouparken, Sundbyberg, Sweden

Hans Arp: Wolkenhirt, 1953, the campus of the University of Caracas

Henry Moore: Reclining, 1956, Hansa district, Berlin