Cyclopogon

Cyclopogon bicolor, Illustration from "The Botanical Register"

Cyclopogon is a genus of the orchid family ( Orchidaceae). It contains more than eighty species of herbaceous plants that are native to tropical America.

Description

The species of the genus Cyclopogon form of a rhizome strongly compressed shoots that produce above ground a rosette of leaves and a tuft of underground fleshy, hairy, spindle - shaped or cylindrical roots. The stalked leaves are oval shaped to lanceolate, pointed at the end. In some species the leaves are brown, quite common light green, white or dark green stripes on the leaves before.

The terminal, racemose inflorescence is occupied at intervals with bracts and hairy, at least in the upper part. The flowers are resupinierten einseitswendig in some species. They are a little droopy, fleshy, tubular, often fragrant. There are greenish, whitish or brownish color before, the lip is white, often with darker drawing. The ovary is cylindrical to slightly fusiform, sessile or very shortly stalked, hairy, slightly twisted and bent. The sepals are free or a piece of grown far tubular at the base. All three sepals are at their base a little bowl-shaped expanded, with only the two side surround a nectary. The petals lie on the dorsal sepal. The lip is abruptly narrowed at the base ( " pinned " ), followed by two rearward, laterally seated nectar glands. The central portion of the lip is shaped like a trough, the sides are beaten up and adhere to the column. The front part of the lip is widened again to a throat, often somewhat three-lobed, covered with calluses or hair. The column is club-shaped with a short " pedestal ". The sessile stamen is oval with a membranous extension at the top, it contains two pollinia. These are longitudinally grooved, of mealy consistency, they hang on with one stalks to a common viscid disc ( Viscidium ). The scar distinguishable or merging surfaces. The separation layers between stamen and stigma ( rostellum ) is elongated, fleshy, it ends blunt.

In some species, bees were from the family Halictidae ( Augochloropsis, Dialictus, Pseudoaugochloropsis ) observed as pollinators. The pollinia stick to the head. By mealy, crumbly consistency several flowers can be pollinated with a pollinium.

Known chromosome numbers vary over a wide range of 2n = 28, 30, 32, 45, 56 and 66

Occurrence

Cyclopogon is widespread in tropical America. From Florida and Mexico in the north of the species over Central America and the Caribbean happens to Argentina and Uruguay in the south. There are populated up to 3000 meters altitude. Cyclopogon obliquus comes adventiv ago in Southeast Asia.

The locations are diverse: in addition to humid forests, there are also species that are found in savannas, grasslands, swamps or bogs. Most species grow terrestrial, but there are some epiphytes.

Systematics and botanical history

Cyclopogon is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Spiranthinae. The genus was classified by Burns- Balogh in the so-called Pelexia group that Szlachetko took as its own subtribe Cyclopogoninae. Recent studies have identified as related genera Pelexia and Sarcoglottis.

Cyclopogon was first described in 1827 by Presl. The name Cyclopogon is composed of the Greek words cyclos κύκλος, " circle" and πώγων pogon, "beard", together. The reference is unclear Garay explains pogon mean about " fire tail with split ends ", which describe the reddish when dried Herbarexemplaren inner petals that protrude from the outer circle of the. Type species is Cyclopogon ovalifolius.

Garay looked at the difference between the type species and the other species of the genus as so serious that he set up for the latter, a new genus Beadlea. Later authors have argued in this difference - the degree of fusion of the petals - there are smooth transitions and no sharp dividing line between genres. Other species that have been suggested as separate, are Cocleorchis and Warscaea (usually performed as synonyms ) and Stigmatosema.

The species of the genus Cyclopogon:

  • Cyclopogon adhaesus Szlach.
  • Cyclopogon alexandrae ( Kraenzl. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon aphyllus Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon apricus ( Lindl. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon argyrifolius ( Barb.Rodr. ) Barb.Rodr.
  • Cyclopogon argyrotaenius Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon bangii ( Rolfe ex Rusby ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon bicolor ( Ker Gawl. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon bidentatus ( Barb.Rodr. ) Szlach.
  • Cyclopogon calophyllus ( Barb.Rodr. ) Barb.Rodr.
  • Cyclopogon casanaensis Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon cearensis Barb.Rodr.
  • Cyclopogon comosus ( Rchb.f. ) Burns- Bal. & E.W.Greenw.
  • Cyclopogon condoranus Dodson
  • Cyclopogon cranichoides ( Griseb. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon deminkiorum Burns- Bal. & M.S.Foster
  • Cyclopogon dressleri Szlach.
  • Cyclopogon dusenii Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon dutrae Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon elatus ( Sw. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon eldorado ( Linden & Rchb.f. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon ellipticus ( Garay ) Dodson
  • Cyclopogon epiphyticus ( Dodson ) Dodson
  • Cyclopogon estradae Dodson
  • Cyclopogon eugenii ( Rchb.f. & hot. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon gardneri Mytnik, Szlach. & Rutk.
  • Cyclopogon glabrescens ( T.Hashim. ) Dodson, Brako & Zarucchi
  • Cyclopogon goodyeroides ( Schltr. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon gracilis Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon graciliscapus Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon hatschbachii Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon hennisianus ( Sandt ) Szlach.
  • Cyclopogon hirtzii Dodson
  • Cyclopogon iguapensis Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon inaequilaterus ( Poepp. & Endl. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon laxiflorus Ekman & Mansf.
  • Cyclopogon lindleyanus ( link Klotzsch & Otto ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon longibracteatus ( Barb.Rodr. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon luerorum Dodson
  • Cyclopogon luteoalbus ( A.Rich. & Galeotti ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon macer Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon maldonadoanus Dodson
  • Cyclopogon Millei ( Schltr. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon miradorensis Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon monophyllus ( Lindl. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon multiflorus Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon obliquus ( J.J.Sm. ) Szlach.
  • Cyclopogon olivaceus ( Rolfe ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon ovalifolius C.Presl
  • Cyclopogon paludosus ( Cogn. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon papilio Szlach.
  • Cyclopogon pelagalloanus Dodson
  • Cyclopogon peruvianus ( C.Presl ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon plantagineus Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon prasophylloides ( Garay ) Szlach.
  • Cyclopogon prasophyllus ( Rchb.f. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon pringlei ( S.Watson ) Soto Arenas
  • Cyclopogon proboscideus Szlach.
  • Cyclopogon pululahuanus Dodson
  • Cyclopogon rimbachii Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon rotundifolius ( Cogn. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon saccatus ( A.Rich. & Galeotti ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon sillarensis Dodson & R.Vásquez
  • Cyclopogon stenoglossus Pabst
  • Cyclopogon subalpestris Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon tandapianus Dodson
  • Cyclopogon taquaremboensis ( Barb.Rodr. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon torusus Mytnik, Szlach. & Rutk.
  • Cyclopogon trifasciatus Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon truncatus ( Lindl. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon variegatus Barb.Rodr.
  • Cyclopogon venustus ( Barb.Rodr. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon vittatus Dutra ex Pabst
  • Cyclopogon warmingii ( Rchb.f. ) Schltr.
  • Cyclopogon werffii Dodson
  • Cyclopogon williamsii Dodson & R.Vásquez
Orchidoideae Resupination Labellum (botany) Ovary (botany) Stigma (botany) List of natural Orchidaceae genera
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