Cynanchum

Cynanchum acutum

Cynanchum is a species-rich plant genus of the subfamily milkweed plants ( Asclepiadoideae ) that the Hundsgiftgewächse family ( Apocynaceae ) has been allocated.

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Cynanchum species are subshrubs or perennial herbaceous plants that grow independently erect or climbing plants. Many species form rhizomes as outlasting. About 60 species are root or stem succulent plants. The plants contain a milky juice, which can be clear to white rare. The green stalks have diameters of about 1.5 to 15 mm. They can be smooth, ribbed, glaucous, his bare, hairy or warty. The often stalked leaves are usually opposite, rarely arranged lively. The leaves have different shapes: from linear to cordate. They can also be reduced to scales.

Generative features

The inflorescences are quite different structures and include a few to many flowers. The mostly small, radial symmetry, hermaphrodite, five petals smell and often contain nectar. There are five upright sepals present. The five petals are white to brown star - up tubular, rarely grown bell-shaped. The diameter of the corolla is 3 to 20 mm. The corona is lower to higher than the " Gynostegium " which can be pedunculated or sessile.

Most produced only one follicle per flower.

Occurrence

The genus Cynanchum is widespread in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. A few species penetrate into the temperate latitudes.

System

The genus Cynanchum is taken from songs in Albers & Meve 2002 quite far. 13 species are listed as synonyms. Currently, about 200 to 300 species are expected to this great genre. Some authors divide the genus into several subgenera.

Some species are still found today (selection):

  • Cynanchum L. acutum
  • Cynanchum africanum (L.) Hoffmann.
  • Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight
  • Cynanchum barbigerum ( Scheele ) Shinners
  • Cynanchum blodgettii ( A. Gray ) Shinners
  • Cynanchum boudieri H.Lév. & Vaniot
  • Cynanchum bungei Decne.
  • Cynanchum chinense R.Br.
  • Cynanchum corymbosum Wight
  • Cynanchum ellipticum ( Harv. ) R.A.Dyer
  • Cynanchum laeve ( Michx. ) Pers.
  • Cynanchum maccartii Shinners
  • Cynanchum marnierianum roughness
  • Cynanchum northropiae ( Schltr. ) Alain
  • Obtusifolium Cynanchum L. f
  • Cynanchum officinale ( Hemsl. ) Tsiang & H.D.Zhang
  • Cynanchum otophyllum C.K.Schneid.
  • Cynanchum perrieri Choux
  • Cynanchum racemosum
  • Cynanchum scoparium Nutt.
  • Cynanchum thesioides ( Freyn ) K.Schum.
  • Cynanchum utahense ( Engelm. ) Woodson
  • Cynanchum viminale (L.) Bassi
  • Cynanchum wilfordii ( Maxim. ) Hook. f

Previously, the swallow-wort ( Vincetoxicum hirundinaria ) was used as Cynanchum Vincetoxicum (L. ) Pers. included in this genus. As part of a revision ( song 1996) of the African taxa were excluded following species of the genus Cynanchum:

  • Cynanchum arboreum Forssk. → Leptadenia arborea ( Forssk. ) Schweinf.
  • Cynanchum atropurpureum ( E.Mey. ) D.Dietr. → Schizoglossum atropurpureum E.Mey.
  • Cynanchum argel Delile → Solenostemma argel ( Delile ) Hayne
  • Cynanchum bidens ( E.Mey. ) D.Dietr. → Schizoglossum bidens E.Mey.
  • Cynanchum boveanum Decne. → Glossonema boveanum ( Decne. ) Decne.
  • Cynanchum chirindense S.Moore → Tylophora spec.
  • Cynanchum cordifolium ( E.Mey. ) D.Dietr. → Schizoglossum spec.
  • Cynanchum crispum Thunb. → Gomphocarpus crispus ( P.J.Bergius ) W.T.Aiton
  • Cynanchum defoliascens K.Schum. → Blyttia fruticulosum ( Decne. ) DVField & JRIWood
  • Cynanchum L. F. filiforme → Schizoglossum sp. fide Evil (1895 )
  • Cynanchum fruticulosum Decne. → Blyttia fruticulosum ( Decne. ) DVField & JRIWood
  • Cynanchum gossweileri S.Moore → Schizostephanus gossweileri ( S.Moore ) songs
  • Cynanchum hamate ( E.Mey. ) D.Dietr. → Schizoglossum hamate E.Mey.
  • Cynanchum heterophyllum Delile → Leptadenia heterophylla ( Delile ) Decne.
  • Cynanchum lancifolium Schumach. & Thonn. → Leptadenia lancifolium ( Schumach. ) Decne.
  • Cynanchum latifolium Schumach. & Thonn. → Leptadenia lancifolium Decne.
  • Cynanchum linifolium ( Balf. f ) Bullock → Vincetoxicum linifolium Balf. f
  • Cynanchum mauritianum Boii ex Decne. → Tylophora laevigata Decne.
  • Cynanchum microstegium K.Schum. → Blyttia fruticulosum ( Decne. ) DVField & JRIWood
  • Cynanchum molle ( E.Mey. ) D.Dietr. → Anisotoma cordifolia Fenzl
  • Cynanchum oleaefolium Nectoux → Solenostemma argel ( Delile ) Hayne
  • Cynanchum omissum Bullock → Fockea angustifolia K.Schum.
  • Cynanchum ovatum Thunb. → Leptadenia reticulata ( Retz. ) Wight
  • Cynanchum pendulum Poir. → Leptadenia spec.
  • Cynanchum radians ( Forssk. ) Lam. → Odontanthera radians ( Forssk. ) D.V.Field
  • Cynanchum reticulatum Retz. → Leptadenia reticulata ( Retz. ) Wight
  • Cynanchum roseum Chiov. → Tylophora heterophylla A.Rich.
  • Cynanchum scabrum Schumach. & Thonn. → Marsdenieae
  • Cynanchum senegalense Sieber ex Decne. → Gymnema subvolubile ( Schumach. ) Decne.
  • Cynanchum subvolubile Schumach. & Thonn. → Gymnema subvolubile ( Schumach. ) Decne.
  • Cynanchum tetrapterum ( Turcz. ) RADyer → p viminale (L.) R.Br.
  • Cynanchum validum N.E.Br. → Schizostephanus alatus Hochst. ex K.Schum.
  • Cynanchum verticillare Lam. → Schizoglossum spec. fide Evil (1895 )
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