Daimler-Benz DB 603

The Daimler- Benz DB 603 was a liquid-cooled, twelve-cylinder aircraft engine with 44.5 liters of displacement and direct fuel injection by Daimler -Benz. From 1942 to 1945, a total 8,758 engines produced.

  • 2.1 series versions
  • 2.2 planning and prototypes

Technology

To achieve a higher performance for the intended use as a drive for bombers or similar multi-engine airplanes, 605 ( Displacement 35.7 liters ) of the DB 603 was developed from the "small" aircraft engine DB. Like him, he was designed as a V engine with 60 ° bank angle and a mechanical supercharging.

By increasing the bore of the DB -605 engine at 8 mm to 162 mm and the stroke of 160 mm to 180 mm, the new engine had 8.8 liters more displacement. The single cylinder so had a capacity of about 3.7 liters. Because of the marked on left side of engine supercharger, the compression ratio of the two banks of cylinders with the same stroke was performed by different pistons of different sizes (left 7.3:1 - 7.5:1 right ) to the pressure differences of the charge air or by the different length to compensate. suction. The start power of the first production version DB 603 A was 1,750 hp at 2,700 min-1 (compared to 1,475 hp at 2,800 min-1 in the DB 605).

A characteristic of the Daimler-Benz engine as well as his predecessors since the 1932 -built prototype Daimler -Benz F4A was the installation with "hanging " cylinders (crank up, hence "A Engine" called ). The hanging arrangement also facilitated the accessibility of cylinder heads (valve control) and spark plugs during maintenance.

The engine block is made of cast aluminum and contained steel cylinder liners. He had per cylinder bank a vertical shaft driven overhead cam ( OHC valve control), the four valves per cylinder actuated via roller cam ( four valves per cylinder ). Each cam operated sequentially, an outlet and an inlet valve. The exhaust valves were sodium- cooled. The engine had a contact-controlled dual ignition ( Bosch twin magnetos ) with two spark plugs per cylinder. The firing order of the DB 603A was 1-11-2-9-4-7-6-8-5-10-3-12-1.

About a vacuum device height- dependent controlled, drove the crankshaft through a hydraulic clutch on the mechanical supercharger. This was the task of the otherwise compensate with increasing altitude due to the decreasing air pressure decreasing filling ratio and to thereby caused performance degradation. The full pressure altitude was 5,700 meters; about the engine lost power continuously.

For fuel supply was a gasoline direct injection with mechanical 12 -ram injection pump. The oil reservoir was circulated through a dry-sump lubrication with three oil pumps (one pressure and two suction pumps, each cylinder head one). The engine speed was set on a propeller gearbox with spur gears.

A special form represented the twin engine DB 613, which consisted of two coupled (mirror image construction ) DB 603 which drives a propeller shaft.

Problems

With the introduction of the DB 603 in the years 1942/1943, there were initial problems with reliability; the planned 100 hours until the overhaul was in 1944 approached. At the start of the engines had to be frequently replaced after only 40 hours of operation.

Use

The DB 603 was used in different versions, as an engine for the Dornier Do 217, Dornier Do 335, Heinkel He 219, Messerschmitt Me 309, Messerschmitt Me 410 and Fiat G.56.

Versions

Series versions

  • DB 603A: 5.700 m Full pressure altitude; B4- fuel, 87 octane; 1942/43,
  • 603AA DB: DB 603A with larger loader and 7,300 m Full pressure altitude, B4 fuel; 1944
  • DB 603E: 7000 m Full pressure altitude, B4 fuel; 1944/45,

Planning and prototypes

  • DB 603G: DB 603A with higher compression; C3 - fuel, 100 octane; Stopped development in 1944
  • DB 603L/LA: Prototypes with two-stage supercharger, B4 fuel; 1944/45,
  • DB 603N: Prototypes with two-stage supercharger, C3 - fuel; 1944/45,
  • DB 603S: DB 603A with experimental TK -11 turbocharger; 1941/42, testing with Fw 190 B / C
  • DB 603U: Prototypes turbocharged, Volldrucköhe 13,000 m
  • MB 509: a reduction in the compression version with 1,080 hp for the Panzerkampfwagen VIII Maus

Note: All performance Start-/Notleistung at sea level

Technical Data DB 603 A

  • Twelve-cylinder V- engine with 60 ° bank angle with hanging cylinders ( crankshaft above; too "A- Motor" called )
  • Valve control: for each cylinder bank, a vertical shaft driven overhead cam ( OHC ), each cylinder has two intake and two exhaust valves operated ( four-valve technology ).
  • Bore: 162 mm
  • Stroke: 180 mm
  • Displacement: 44.5 liters
  • Compression ratio: 7.3:1 (left cylinder bank ); 7.5:1 (right cylinder bank )
  • Cooling: liquid ( glycol / water mixture as coolant)
  • Lubrication: Dry sump lubrication with a pressure - suction pumps and two ( each a cylinder head )
  • Length: 2,610 mm
  • Width: 830 mm
  • Height: 1,156 mm
  • Dry weight: 920 kg
  • Start Power: 1,750 hp ( 1,288 kW) at 2,700 min-1
  • Pump capacity: 39.3 hp / l ( 28.9 kW / L)
  • Weight -related power: 1.9 hp / kg ( 1.4 kW / kg)
  • Fuel: Gasoline, type B4 with an octane rating of 87 RON
Engine displacement Bore (engine) Daimler-Benz DB 600 Camshaft Robert Bosch GmbH Focke-Wulf Fw 190 List of aircraft engines
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