Dalbergieae

Geoffroea decorticans

Dalbergieae is a tribe in the subfamily of the Fabaceae ( Faboideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae ). Your about 1355 species are distributed almost worldwide, while the focus is in the tropics.

  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

It is annual to perennial herbaceous plants, subshrubs, shrubs, trees or lianas.

The alternate arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The leaf blade is pinnate or unpaired. The rarely only one or two, usually five to many couples leaflets are available at the Blattrhachis against or alternate. Sometimes just a pinnate leaf is present ( for example Inocarpus ). There are no stipules, but often leaves the side leaflets available.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers appear singly in the leaf axils or several to many in lateral or terminal, very differently constructed inflorescences together. The hub and shroud leaves are small and fast transient or large and durable.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic are fünfzählig double perianth ( perianth ). The five sepals are fused. The corolla has the typical structure of the Fabaceae. The stamens of the nine or all ten stamens are fused to each other; there are also ways in which five are fused together to form two bundles each. The dust bags are all identical or different. The only constant upper carpel containing one to several ovules.

Fruit and seeds

The structured or unstructured, flattened to thin, straight to curved legumes may have wings. Sometimes the fruit drupe -like ( for example Geoffroea, Inocarpus ). The spherical or kidney-shaped seeds have a small hilum. Sometimes the unopened legumes serve as diasporas and spread by the wind.

Systematics and distribution

The Tribe Dalbergieae in 1825 by Heinrich Georg Bronn in Augustin- de Candolle Pyrame: placed Prodromus systematis naturalis regni veg, 2, p 414. Type genus is Dalbergia L. f synonyms for Dalbergieae Bronn ex DC. are: Adesmieae Polhill, Aeschynomeneae Rudd, Desmodieae subtribe Bryinae Ohashi, Polhill & Schubert.

The Tribe Dalbergieae can be divided into three clades and contains about 49 genera with about 1355 species:

  • Adesmia clade: Adesmia DC. The 215-240 species are widespread in South America.
  • Amice Kunth: The approximately seven species are widespread in the Neotropics.
  • Chaetocalyx DC. The approximately 13 species are widespread in the Neotropics.
  • Nissolia Jacq. The approximately 14 species are widespread in the Neotropics.
  • Poiretia Vent. The approximately eleven species are widespread in the Neotropics.
  • Zornia JFGmel. The approximately 75 species are found almost everywhere in tropical to temperate regions. The center of biodiversity lies with 35 species in South America.
  • Dalbergia clade: Aeschynomene L.: The about 150 species are almost worldwide in the tropics and subtropics.
  • Bryaspis PADuvign. , The only two species are widespread in West Africa.
  • Cyclocarpa Afzel. ex Urb. contains only one type: Cyclocarpa stellaris Baker: It is widespread in tropical Africa, Southeast Asia and Australia.
  • Peltiera You alaotrensis Puy & Labat: It is probably extinct.
  • Peltiera You nitida Puy & Labat: It is probably extinct.
  • Soemmeringia semperflorens Mart. It occurs in South America.
  • Pterocarpus clade: Acosmium Schott: The only three species occur in South America.
  • Peanuts ( Arachis L.): The approximately 80 species are widely distributed in the Neotropics.
  • Brya P.Browne: The six species are native only to the Caribbean islands. One type is a neophyte in some areas of the world.
  • Cascaronia Griseb. Contains only one type: Cascaronia astragalina Griseb. It occurs only in Argentina and Bolivia.
  • Chapmannia floridana Torr. & A. Gray: It occurs only in Florida.
  • Etaballia dubia ( Kunth ) Rudd: It occurs in Venezuela, Guyana and the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Para.
  • Fiebrigiella gracilis Harms: It occurs in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru.
  • Fissicalyx fendleri Benth. It is native to Venezuela and possibly Guyana and Panama, it is the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Roraima a neophyte.
  • Grazielodendron rio- docensis HCLima: It occurs only in the Brazilian state of Espirito Santo.
  • Maraniona lavinii CEHughes, GPLewis, Daza & Reynel: This endemic species was described in 2004 new. It grows only at altitudes between 1400 and 1600 meters in dry deciduous tropical forests and bush - forests on steep rocky slopes above the Rio Marañon in northern Peru.
  • Ramorinoa girolae Speg. It occurs only in Argentina.
  • Tipuana tipu ( Benth. ) Kuntze: It thrives in dry tropical forests in Bolivia and northwestern Argentina.
  • Some closely related species that have been made to 2001 Tribe Dalbergieae are approximately equal closely related to the genera of the tribe as the tribe Sophoreae Dalbergieae and therefore currently classified in any Tribus: Andira Juss. The approximately 29 species are widespread in the Neotropics, only one is found in Africa.
  • Hymenolobium Benth. There are about 13 species.
  • Vatairea Aubl. There are about eight species.
  • Vataireopsis Ducke: The approximately four species occur in Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname before.

Use

For example, the peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ) seeds are eaten. The wood is used for example by species of the genera Dalbergia, Machaerium, Platymiscium, Pterocarpus.

Swell

  • Matt Lavin, R. Toby Pennington, Bente B. Klitgård, Janet I. Sprent, Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima & Peter E. Gasson: The dalbergioid legumes ( Fabaceae ): delimitation of a pantropical monophyletic clade, In: American Journal of Botany, Volume 88, Issue 3, 2001, pp. 503-33. Full -text online.
  • Domingos Cardoso, R. Toby Pennington, Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz, JS Boatwright, B.-E. Van Wykd, MF Wojciechowskie & Matt Lavin: Reconstructing the deep - branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes, in: South African Journal of Botany, Volume 89, 2013, pp. 58-75. doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001
  • Domingos Cardoso, Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima, Rodrigo Rodrigues contactor, Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz, R. Toby Pennington, Matt Lavin: The realignment of Acosmium sensu stricto with the Dalbergioid clade (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae ) Reveals a proneness for independent evolution of radial floral symmetry among early- branching papilionoid legumes, In: Taxon, Volume 61, Issue 5, 2012, pp. 1057-1073. Abstract.
  • Dezhao Chen, Prof. Zhang Dianxiang & Kai Larsen: Dalbergieae, pp. 121-130 and Ren Sat & Alfonso Delgado Salinas Aeschynomeneae, pp. 131-136 - text the same online as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 10 - Fabaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010 ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 (Sections Description and systematics).
  • Robert Hegnauer: chemotaxonomy of plants. Xib band -2 Leguminosae Part 3: Papilionoidae. Birkhäuser, Basel, Boston, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-7643-5862-9 ( Dalbergieae: page 116-160, limited preview on Google Book Search ).
  • Legumes of the World of Royal Botanical Gardens Kew, 2013. ( Section systematics)
Rosids Augustin Pyramus de Candolle Madagascar Indochina Hispaniola Virgin Islands Digital Object Identifier Agricultural Research Service JSTOR
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