Deixis

Deixis (Greek δείκνυμι, " show "), even indexical semantics, is a technical term from linguistics. He referred to the reference to people, places and times in the context that there be here tomorrow, today is done with the help of deictic or indexical expressions such as I, you, ....

Overview

A speech situation is a situation in which a speech act is full of lead. It brings together all the information in the broadest sense, which are implicitly given during the speech act, are thus not explicitly expressed verbally. These include the space in which there are the communicators, the world knowledge that have the people involved in the speech act, or information about the time at which it is communicated.

Deictic expressions are those expressions that refer to one of these non- verbal information given, the meaning of words only in the specific speech situation is apparent. One calls such expressions and indexical expressions, deictic expressions, index expressions ', deictics (singular: Deiktikon ), indicators or Show ( e) words.

" Deictic expressions are those that refer to the human, temporal or local characteristics of the speech situation, such as I - you, now - then, here - there."

The deixis is depending on the situation and position associated with either the semantics or pragmatics, or seen as their link.

Real deixis, anaphora and " imagination-oriented deixis "

Deictic expressions are oriented expression means by which a spokesman for the listener in a reference room ( situation, idea, text, discourse ). The basis is the Here - Now - I - Origo (Latin hic - nunc ego- Origo ), as has Karl Bühler described. This is the zero point (Latin origo ) of the reference system from which it is shown.

The zero point may result from the real I - Here - Now - coordinate of the speaker. The reference to something done then " in the specific space of perception " of the speaker.

There are also Buehler also the anaphoric Show and the " imagination-oriented deixis ". In the imagination-oriented deixis, the speaker refers to the zero point to a point that will be the starting point for his portrayal of an event.

The grammatical theories to perspectivization or speaker's perspective to follow up on this.

Dimensions of deixis

There are different Deixisauffassungen. ( cf. indexicality )

• Personaldeixis (I, you ): To know who or what this deixis shows, you have to know who is the speaker or earpiece, so know the interview situation. Obviative (Latin obvius, "accommodating" ) provides, for example in some North American languages ​​, special pronouns with the ability to, "judgment directly " between ( proximat ) and " not directly mentioned above " ( obviative ) morphologically differentiate. Examples dt this - that and the Latin iste - ille

Some authors also speak of a social deixis (also: social deixis ), which relate to the social status of the speech act participants leave ( you, you ). The social deixis is viewed in part as a " specification of Personaldeixis ".

Levels of local deixis

Based on the person of the speaker ( first person) and the receiver ( 2 person) the steps of local deixis can be distinguished:

In most languages ​​is at least a difference of the near and Ferndeixis. There is a language in the local media about deixis means of expression, it also has a distinction between distal and proximal.

Deixisflexion

Deixis, not only by free words about demonstrative pronouns can be expressed, but also by bound morphemes, such as attachable to the noun suffixes - such as in the Slavomakedonischen:

žena ( indefinite: " ( a ) woman " ) žena ta = ( definite - medial: "the woman" ) žena = va ( definite - proximal: " this woman " ) žena na = ( definite -distal: " that woman there " ) Here, the respective suffix flexivisch congruent with the corresponding noun in gender and number:

Plural: Zeni = te ( medial), Zeni = ve ( proximal), Zeni = ne ( distal) see also

• Pragmatics (linguistics)
• Anaphora