Delonix regia
Flame Tree ( Delonix regia)
The Flame Tree ( Delonix regia) is a species of the subfamily carob plants ( Caesalpinioideae ) within the legume family ( Fabaceae ). It is also called Flamboyant, as many other types of carob plants. His original home is Madagascar. It is used in the tropics and subtropics as an ornamental plant.
- 6.1 Notes and references
Description and ecology
Appearance, bark and leaf
The flame tree grows as a tree stature heights of 12 to 17, rarely reaches up to 20 meters. He is a decidious plant in cooler, subtropical areas and largely evergreen in tropical areas; he is not frost hardy. The grayish - brown bark is initially relatively smooth rough later. It is formed a widely spread with diameters of 6 to 20 feet, hemispherical canopy. There are numerous overhanging branches formed. The bark of the branches is weak hairy fluffy and has conspicuous lenticels.
The alternate arranged on the branches leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade and 15 to 60 inches long. The bald until fluffy hairy petiole is 2 to 4 or 7 to 12 inches long, furrowed and thickened at its base. The double twisted feathery leaf blade consists of 7 to 20 pairs 2 to 10 centimeters long pinnae first order, each with 10 to 30 pairs of leaflets. The short- stalked leaflets are at a length of 5 to 10 mm and a width of 2 to 4 mm, elliptic to oblong with sloping bottom end and a blunt upper end. The leaflets are initially fluffy hairy, especially on the smooth edges and on clearly recognizable midrib. The underside of the leaflets is lighter than the top. The stipules are in the lower section clearly fiederteilig and setiform at the top.
Inflorescence and flower
The flowering time is in Pakistan in the summer months; China extends the flowering season from June to July in Australia is the peak flowering period between the end of November and February with a peak in December and a late flowering to May. In a terminal or pendent, racemose inflorescence flowers are more loosely. The small bracts fall off early. The flower stalk is 4-10 inches long.
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig double perianth. The base of the flower is discus -shaped to short top-shaped. The five sepals are long obovate, with a length of 2 to 2.5 inches and blood red inside and on the edges of greenish yellow. The corolla has a diameter of 7 to 10 centimeters. The five more or less unequal, about 2 mm long slim nailed, free petals are spatulate with a length of 5 to 7 centimeters and a width from 3.7 to 4 centimeters and during anthesis reflexed. Four of the petals are bright red. A petals ( the flag ) is drawn with a width of about 5 inches bigger and white or yellow with red. The ten unequal, free stamens are 3-7 inches long, making it the most as long as the petals. The thick, scarlet stamens are woolly hairs at the bottom and curved upward. The red dust bags are about 5 mm long. The single carpel is about 1.3 cm long and contains many ovules. The thin style ends in a small scar.
Pollination is by birds ( Ornithophilie ).
Fruit and seeds
Those with a length of 30 to 60 centimeters and a width of 3 to 5 centimeters woody relatively large, flattened, relatively thick, slightly curved legumes, have at the top of the pen durable and contain 20-40 seeds. The initially green legumes discolor on tires until reddish brown and blackish - brown. The yellow and brown spotted, smooth and hard seeds are at a length of about 15 mm and a width of about 7 mm oblong- elliptical in outline. The fruits ripen in China from August to October.
The seeds germinate often after parental copies and so often form dense stands, this is sometimes favored by allelopathy. The legumes can be spread during floods.
Occurrence, hazard and invasive plant
The natural home of Delonix regia is only in the western and northern Madagascar. It occurs only in the provinces of Antsiranana and Mahajanga. It grows in woods in sub-humid to arid climates.
In the Red List of endangered species by the IUCN Delonix regia was founded in 1997 as "vulnerable " = " at risk " rating. The most important natural sub-populations are located around Antsiranana in areas that are threatened by charcoal production.
The dense wide overhanging trees lead to the displacement of indigenous species. Some Delonix regia on as an invasive plant: On the Galapagos Islands, there are resources in the arid lowlands and humid highlands. Delonix regia In Hawaii is isolated wild in the low altitudes, especially in disturbed habitats at least on the island of Molokai. On Delonix regia Fiji 's rare wild at altitudes between about 0 and 500 meters. In New Caledonia, she has run wild; on Christmas Island it forms pure stands to parents copies around, especially in disturbed remnants of rain forests and along roadsides and are very competitive compared to the native vegetation there. In Australia's Northern Territory, it is an invasive plant in the coastal monsoon thickets that were damaged by cyclones. In tropical areas of Australia Delonix regia has run wild on some watercourses. There are sandy, loamy, clay, acidic to alkaline soils tolerated.
Taxonomy
This species was discovered near Foule Point in Madagascar by Wenceslas Boii. The first description was in 1829 by Wenceslas Boii under the name ( basionym ) Poinciana regia Boii ex Hook. in William Jackson Hooker: Botanical Magazine, Volume 56, 2884 Panel With this type as type species of Delonix regia ( Boii ex Hook. ) Raf.. in 1836 the genus Delonix Raf. Constantine Samuel Rafinesque placed by - Schmaltz in Flora Telluriana, Volume 2, page 92. Other synonyms for Delonix regia ( Boii ex Hook. ) Raf. are: Delonix regia var flavida Stehlé, Delonix regia var genuina Stehlé.
Use
The fast-growing flame tree is used throughout the tropics and subtropics as an ornamental woody plant in gardens, parks and avenues. It is a good shade tree. There are some varieties, for example, with other flower colors. Propagation is by seed (not varietal ) or cuttings. Seedlings need to Blühreife 10 years or more. Very often damage the fast-growing roots coverings of paths and roads. The flame tree thrives in USDA climate zones 10 to 12, it is not frost hardy and can not tolerate temperatures below about 7 ° C. A sunny and sheltered from strong winds location is recommended.
Plant parts of the flame tree have been used in folk medicine against anemia, fever, and malaria.
The wood is light, soft and elastic, with special wood fibers. It is used technically.
Trivial names in other languages
Due to the spread as ornamental plants, there are many common names in other languages:
- Carolinian Language: fáyárbaw, nfayarbaw
- Chamorro: arbol del fuego, fuego del arbol, atbot, atbot, atbut
- Mandarin Chinese: feng huang mu
- Chuukesische Language: MEEI flower
- English: falsa acacia, flambouyant, flamboyant, flame of the forest, flame tree, peacock flower, poinciana, red tree, royal poinciana
- Fiji: sekoula
- French Language: flamboyant, pacayer
- Hawaiian language: ' ohai ' ula
- Kiribati language: te tau tua te
- Japanese Language: howoboku
- Maori (Cook Islands): marumaru, Patai, pū Pi, puka kai, Rakau tāmarumaru
- Nauruan language: am
- Niueanische Language: Pine
- Palauische Language: nangiosákura, nangyo
- Pohnpeanische Language: pilampwoia weitahta
- Samoan Language: elefane
- Spanish Language: árbol del fuego, atbot det fuegu, Flamboyán
- Tahitian language: Pakai, puke, ra'ar marumaru
- Tongan language: ' ohai
- Penrhynische Language: Patai
- Language on the Tuamotu Archipelago: faefae
- Tuvaluan language: fuaitansanga, fuatausaga
- Ulithische Language: warapig
- Wallisianische language: ' ohai
- Yapesische Language: sakuranirow
Swell
- Dezhao Chen, Dianxiang Zhang, Kai Larsen & SUPEE Saksuwan Larsen: Delonix: Delonix regia - text the same online as printed work, In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China, Volume 10 - Fabaceae, Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 (Section Description and use )
- Syed Ali Irtifaq: Caesalpiniaceae: Delonix regia, In: Flora of Pakistan, Volume 54 (Section Description )