Dental braces
Brackets (English parentheses) are commonly used in orthodontics fasteners with fixed appliances (see braces ). They are bonded by special bonding techniques with the surface of the tooth and thus form a starting point for the movement of teeth with fixed appliances. Characteristic for the device is a bracket for the reception of sheets, the so-called lock or slot. This is a horizontally extending slot. This is bounded above and below by the tips of a wing, serve to fasten the sheet by means of ligatures. The standard bracket has two wings and is therefore referred to as a twin bracket. Occasionally, brackets with only one wing, though, these are referred to as single- brackets. According to the shape of the lock brackets can ( the bracket itself holds the bow without ligature ) can be distinguished in edgewise brackets ( attachment of the arch with ligatures ), Light -wire brackets (fixing of the sheet with pins) and selbstlegierende brackets. The castle has a rectangular cross-section, the .018 "x .025" or .022 "x .028 " either has the dimensions ( in inches HxD ). In technical terms this is called "zero eight teens " and " zero - twenty-two " system. Both systems are not compatible with each other. In addition, brackets can be distinguished according to the tooth where they are fixed. Are they attached to the outer surface, the cheek, one speaks of Bukkalbrackets. If they are on the inner surface, the tongue out, they are referred to as lingual brackets.
The standard bracket is made of stainless steel. Both the metallic paint and the nickel components contained in the alloy is led to the development of other materials. Today, brackets are offered in addition to stainless steel made of gold, ceramic, composite and titanium. Due to the higher purchase price of these brackets the additional costs usually have to be borne by the patient.
An important property, which may be decisive for the choice of the bracket and sheet material, the friction. In many treatment concepts, the bracket should slide over the bow ( sliding mechanics ). Both the material combination of bracket and archwire, as well as the nature of the ligatures used to enlarge or reduce the friction.
Improper bonding technique or poor oral hygiene, while the brackets glued to the teeth, lasting Entkalkungsflecken may remain on the tooth surfaces.
History and Development
The first fixed to the tooth regulatory apparatuses were mentioned by Pierre Fauchard in 1728 (Le surgeries Dentist ou Traite the dents ). Here, the to be positioned tooth and the neighboring teeth with wire elements or silk threads were fixed on a gold band. This volume apparatus was further developed by various additives ( wooden wedges, caps, eyelets, rings ).
It was not until 1916 successes the next big step, when Angle the ribbon arch appliance has developed. This allowed for the first time the three-dimensional regulation of teeth. Thus, the apparatus was the starting point for all other bracket developments. Another important step was developed by Angle edgewise appliance. With this movement, the tooth could be substantially improved by changing the arc dimension of the angulation control. This is also the starting point for the development of additional brackets with various shapes, sizes, slot dimensions, slot numbers, bracket base contours and closure mechanisms.