Dentate gyrus

The dentate gyrus is a brain structure of the hippocampus. It is the inside of the hilum, further outside the granule cell band (stratum granular ) and the outside of the inner and the outer molecular layer ( stratum moleculare ). He is regarded as the input station of the hippocampus.

Granule cell band

The granule cell band is the main component of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. Hauptzellart are the ovoid granule cells that have their dendrites in the inner and outer molecular layer and glutamatergic partly GABAergic to the pyramidal cells of the CA1 and CA3 region of the Cornu Ammonis, also in the hippocampus that project. Set the input station is in the hippocampus, which receives its input from the entorhinal cortex. In one form of epilepsy, temporal lobe epilepsy, the granule cell band is often pathologically changed; then it comes apart there to a broadening which diffuse cells and enlarged; one then speaks of the " granule cell dispersion". This phenomenon occurs by the secretion of reelin detached, a glycoprotein which is secreted by local intemeurons and controls the split of the hippocampus. In the boundary layer between the hilus and stratum granular leads to the formation of new neurons, ie for neurogenesis, even into adulthood. They arise hilusnah and migrate into the granule cell band, until they have integrated themselves.

Molecular layer

The molecular layer of the dentate gyrus is the part where the dendrites of the granule cells are located in the granule cell layer. It is divided into the inner and the outer molecular layer. In the inner molecular layer of the dendrites Commissuralfasern mutual ( contralateral ) the hippocampus can be achieved in the outer ends of the fibers from the entorhinal cortex. In these two layers, there is almost no cells.

Swell

• Förster, E., Zhao, S., Frotscher, M. Laminating the hippocampus. Nat Rev Neurosci. April 2006, 7 ( 4) :259 -67. PMID 16543914

• Brain