Dentist

Dentistry is the professional designation for a grad of the study of dentistry. In the territory of the former GDR, the dentists are also known as dentists. The study of Stomatology was temporarily closed with a specialist examination ( specialist in general dentistry ) and later with a diploma ( Dipl.- Stom. = Graduate dental surgeon ). ( The job title Dentist is outdated and designated until 1952 continued educated dental technicians who were authorized to carry a limited extent dentistry. ) The dentist is one of Germany the liberal professions, like it belongs in Austria to the liberal professions.

The field of activity of a dentist involves the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of dental, oral and maxillofacial diseases.

There are around 87,700 dentists in Germany, of which approximately 54,000 dentists and about 500 private dentists. The rest are assistant dentists, dentists who do not exercise their profession and dentists retired (as of September 2012). The number of dentists in social insurance activities increased from 4676 to 8060, an increase of 72 % from 2005 to 2011.

History

The first dentists practicing in the 5th century BC. The book " Le chirurgien dentiste " the Frenchman Pierre Fauchard founded modern dentistry in 1728. Previously treated barbers and pulled teeth. They had suitable instruments such as levers, needles, scissors and blades and they were able to clean in warm soapy water always available.

The Dental History Museum in Zschadraß at Colditz ( Saxony ) gives an overview of the history of dentistry.

Apollonia is the patron saint of dentists.

Training

Includes dental education

• A) the scientific preliminary examination,
• B) the dental preliminary and
• C) dental examination.

The standard period of study within the meaning of § 10 para 2 of the Higher Education Act is including the test time for dental examination in accordance with § 33 Section 1 Sentence 1 ten semesters and six months. The subject of dentistry is subject to admission restrictions ( numerus clausus ).

Upon graduation, the approval of the dentists will upon request as a dentist. The details of the approval process arising from the licensing regulations for dentists.

About half of the graduates subsequently awarded a PhD for Dr. med. This academic title was not introduced in Germany nor the beginning of the 20th century. The magazine The Week reported in its edition of 51 December 20, 1913 because of a student strike: "In Berlin the students of dentistry stopped the attendance of the lectures, because the Ministry of Culture, the introduction of the title Dr. med. rejects. "

A judgment of the European Court of Justice standardized the definition of the profession dentist, but it took a few years, Europe adapt the national approval orders the judgment.

Approval

With the approval of the dentist is a compulsory member of his or her competent Dental Association, the professional supervision he stands up to his death. The competent Dental Association is the one in whose jurisdiction he has his practice or - without private practice - where he has his main residence.

A new license code is in the political debate for many years.

Further education

Orthodontist

The Specialist in Orthodontics is a dentist who has completed a four-year training period after completing his studies, of which at least one year must take place at a clinic. He is concerned with the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of dental and jaw deformities, and orthopedics of the jaw joint. Regulate " brackets" and " braces " and optimize jaw and tooth position. After successful testing before the competent Chamber of Dentists him the Specialist title " Specialist in Orthodontics " is awarded.

Oral surgeon

An oral surgeon is a dentist who has completed a four-year training period after completing his studies, of which at least one year must take place at a clinic. He gained thereby further skills and qualifications in relation to surgical procedures in the oral cavity and depending on the institution also in implantology. The oral surgeons covered by a spectrum - in relation to the dental surgery - is very similar to that of oral and maxillofacial surgeons and leads to numerous overlaps. Interventions outside the oral cavity and in the plastic- surgical area do not belong to his training and area of ​​responsibility. After successful testing before the competent Zahnärztekammer either the title " Specialist in oral surgery" will be awarded depending on the province or the professional title " dentist, oral surgery ".

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon

The specialist in oral and maxillo- facial surgery has both a study of human medicine, as well as a study of dentistry completed, with part of the medical school will be credited to the dental degree. He is doppelapprobiert. After completion of both courses with at least 60 months of training in medical specialties, which will be completed by the specialist examination begins. This takes place before the respective Medical Association, from which the term " specialist in oral and maxillo- facial surgery " is awarded. There is the possibility of additional specialist dental examination before the Chamber of Dentists, which also gives the name of " Specialist in oral surgery" in existence.

Public health

A rarely completed dental specialist training is that the Specialist in Public Health.

Master

Meanwhile, there are some additional qualifications for dentists which can be purchased on the basis of a post-graduate studies. This includes especially the master title of a college or university. As the first Master of the Master of Oral Medicine in Implantology was awarded by the University of Münster to 15 dentists 2004. Together with other implant masters these have come together in the master association implantology. The Master's program is currently in constant upheaval; continually added new possible title.

Further education

The general training obligations of the dentist is prescribed in the model professional code of Federal Dental Association and the professional codes of the state dental associations.

The dentist can perform through training various practice areas such as " implant " or " periodontics " whose conditions can vary ( the place the dental chambers fixed) depending on the province.

Since 1 July 2004, the obligation to professional training for all dentists, authorized dentists and dental surgeries or medical care centers is ( MVZ ) salaried dentists, which is subject to sanctions, in accordance with § 95d SGB V:

Branch

The dentist can establish themselves as either dentists or a private dentist in private practice or as a salaried dentist working in a dental clinic, a medical care center or practice. Another career field is research.

Admission

After about 90 % of people are compulsorily insured in Germany in a statutory health insurance, apply for almost all dentists an admission to practice as a dentist in the admissions committee. They are from when their on insurance approved member of the dentists' association ( supplementary health insurance ) of their province. You agree that in order to adhere to the requirements of the Social Code (SGB V). According to the KZBV practice around 55,000 dentists in Germany (September 2012). You get the cash approval by at least two years residency ( = preparation time ) in a legal practice or in a dental clinic following the study.

A dentist without insurance license ( private dentist) is ( except in emergencies ) is not entitled by law to treat uninsured patients. However, it is up to the patients to seek even a private dentist who settles the treatment by means of a private bill on the basis of fees for dentists dated 5 December 2011 with the patient. Under current law get legally insured patients for treatment with a dentist who is not a contracting dentist, usually no reimbursement by health insurance. Exception: Practiced this non - dentists in other EU countries, there is a patient's right to reimbursement of the invoice by its statutory health insurance in the amount of the costs that would have been incurred within the country.

The dentists in the Federal Republic of Germany is obliged to treat all legally insured patients after the kind principle. The services will be after submission of the electronic health card ( health card ), billed by the insured over the respective Kassenzahnärztliche association with the statutory health insurance. Government insured patients receive in the area dentures a co-payment invoice for those costs that are not covered by the health insurance fixed subsidies. In the field of orthodontics, the patient has (or the debtor ) first quarterly pay a co-payment, which will be refunded after successful completion of treatment by health insurance. Dental treatments that go beyond the efficiency principle of § 12 SGB V ( medically necessary, convenient, economical and sufficient) go out, to be paid by legally insured patients themselves. Dental insurance may reimburse some of the costs.

Income

The average income of a salaried dentist in Germany is 5.245, - € gross monthly salary, a salaried dentist in 3609, - €. (As of 2010)

According to a study by the German Institute for Economic Research ( DIW) from the year 2012, the average net wage per hour after degrees / training 12 - € for men and 9 - € for women. The DIW study is based on micro census data from 2005 to 2008., The average " net wage " of dentists is, according to this study, € 19.33 and € 15.50 of dentists. ( The calculation of the average hourly wage was about the maximum possible acquisition phase. Purpose the hourly wages were summed at any age, occupation and education of and with the maximum possible working lives (44 years ) placed in relation ).

Berufsrecht

German dentists are subject to various professional regulations: the Dentistry Act, the licensing regulations and the professional code of competent Dental Association. The fee is calculated according to the fee schedule for dentists ( GOZ ) and the valuation standard of dental services ( BEMA ).

In addition, special rules apply, such as for a dentist website: since March 1, 2007 are subject to such websites like all sites on the provisions of § 5 Telemedia Act ( TMG). Restrictive guidelines for the structure of a practice site are only rudimentary in the professional codes of the dental chambers.

Occupational illnesses

Dentists often suffer acquired diseases of the spine such as herniated discs. All areas of the spine are at risk, there is an accumulation in the cervical spine. Dentists ill, as well as dental technicians, often in allergic reactions of the skin and of toxic contact dermatitis of the hands in particular. This is caused by the frequent direct or indirect contact with toxic / harmful substances and materials such as uncured plastics ( methyl methacrylate ), mercury, palladium, as well as solvents.

Professional Association

A dental practice is one of the contributing companies in the Professional Association for Health and Welfare Services (BGW ). The insurance covers all employees and compulsory social entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs who are not subject to compulsory insurance, voluntary insurance. Volunteering or free persons are also insured. The BGW bears in the insurance case, the cost for a variety of services. State institutions in the health service are not operated by the BGW. Responsible here are the insurance carrier of the public sector ( accident insurance ). Self employed dentists working can comprehensively insure against consequences of occupational and commuting accidents and occupational diseases at the BGW. The BGW bears the cost of individually tailored medical, vocational and social rehabilitation, pays the injury benefit as compensation for loss of earnings during medical rehabilitation, hedges in the event of loss of earning capacity with a pension and provides death benefits for survivors: Depending on the situation pays them pensions, death benefits, transportation costs or aid.

Significant Dentists

• Edward H. Angle
• Sanford Christie Barnum
• Greene V. Black
• Pierre Fauchard
• Alfred Gysi
• Willoughby D. Miller
• Carl Partsch
• Philipp Pfaff
• Horst Sebastian
• Maria Schug - Kösters
• Otto Walkhoff