Deoxyribonuclease

A deoxyribonuclease, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of deoxyribonucleic acid molecule chains ( DNA) into shorter molecular chains or individual building blocks. Deoxyribonucleases are nucleases.

Synonyms / meanings

  • Synonyms: DNase / ˌ de ː ˀ ɛn a zə ː /, DNAse outdated
  • In a broader sense, all nucleolytic enzymes ( ie all nucleases ), shred the DNA, DNase.
  • In a narrower sense are meant by the nucleases DNase, which carry the name " DNase " in the name.

DNases in the strict sense

DNase I ( DNase neutral )

  • Localization: the pancreas and liver, platelets and blood plasma, intracellular probably mainly in the nucleus and mitochondria
  • Function: Enzymatic cleavage between the 5'- phosphate group and the 3'-hydroxyl group of two nucleotides: Formation of nucleoside 5'- phosphates
  • Note: The DNase I is attributed to the frame of apoptosis play a role in fragmentation of cellular DNA.
  • Note: DNase I binds to the cytoskeletal protein actin with very high affinity. The function of this interaction is controversial; but since aktingebundene DNase I is enzymatically inactive, the DNase I- Aktinkomplex could be the storage form of DNase I in the cell, which can not cause any damage to the genetic material.
  • Location: pancreas, body fluids (blood plasma, urine, breast milk, etc.), intracellularly mainly in lysosomes and nucleus
  • Function: Enzymatic cleavage between the 5'-phosphate group and the 3 -hydroxy group of one nucleotide: the formation of nucleoside -3'- phosphates

Use as drug

Recombinant human DNase I ( rhDNase I Abbr, free name dornase alpha, ATC code R05BC013 ) is used under the trade name Pulmozyme ® as inhaled drug to the dissolution of the present in the mucus of cystic fibrosis patients DNA filaments. Thus, the spinnability of the mucus is reduced and improve mucociliary clearance.

Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System International Nonproprietary Name Active ingredient
243185
de