Dohány Street Synagogue
The Great Synagogue (Hungarian: nagy zsinagóga ) in Dohány utca, German tobacco road, therefore also called tobacco temple, is a 1854-59 built according to the plans of the Viennese architect Ludwig Förster in the Moorish style for the Pest Jewish community synagogue in Budapest. She followed the temperate rite, which is referred to in Hungary as Neolog ( somewhat similar to Conservative Judaism ) and has approximately 3000 seats Europe's largest synagogue.
History
Jews are occupied in later to become Budapest Buda since 11, for plague since the 15th century. In Plague, Jews were allowed to settle again only in the late 18th century. In the 19th century the Jewish community prospered posted in Pest strong growth, so that the existing synagogues were no longer sufficient. Initially, the community could not agree on how orthodox should be the new synagogue in 1853, however, a compromise was reached and a competitive tender, the Viennese architect Ludwig Förster won with a design in the Moorish style. Construction began in the summer of 1854, the synagogue was inaugurated on 6 September 1859.
The complex of buildings includes the Jewish Museum of Budapest ( Zsidó Muzeum ), built on the site of the childhood home of Theodor Herzl, the founder of modern political Zionism. The new building was erected for this purpose, 1930-1931 and holds pieces of the Pest Chevra Kadisha and now also reminiscent of the Holocaust. On the side wall of the synagogue is a monument to the Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, who saved many Hungarian Jews during the Second World War.
Description
The synagogue, however, has similarities with the same time of Förster planned in Vienna Leopoldstadt synagogue in temple lane is significantly larger. Both synagogues are held in a " Moorish " style, which is mainly influenced by the Alhambra in Granada, but also of the Babylonian and Assyrian and Islamic architecture of Egypt and Turkey. Also, it was believed, the construction is similar to the ancient Temple of Solomon, especially the two towers lean on the two pillars Jachin and Boaz the same to. The supposed oriental style, a sort of " Jewish Gothic ", should therefore point to an Oriental origin of the Jews.
The facade of the synagogue is divided into three parts. The side projections are slightly preferred that façade is emphasized by the two of gilded small round domes crowned over 40 meters high octagonal towers. The outer walls are made of custom-designed, set on a red stone foundation bricks.
The interior with the floor plan of a three-aisled basilica with apse and double galleries, measures 37.93 x 24.65 meters and has around 3000 seats, divided equally for women and men. Main and side aisles are separated by large arches, the nave is divided by jagged arches and separated from Torahschrein forming a planned by Friedrich Feszl own building on the east wall, on the side wings resting the pipes of the organ. On the organ played, among others, Franz Liszt and Camille Saint- Saëns.
Organ
The large (main ) Organ of the synagogue was built in 1996 by the organ builder Jehmlich. The main organ has 53 stops ( sliderchest ) on four manuals and pedal. Partial pipe material of the previous instrument was used again. From the fourth Manual from can also allude to the echo chamber, which was built as a remote station with ten registers of the Hungarian organ builder BKM. The Spieltrakturen the main organ are mechanical, the work of Echo and the Registertrakturen are electric.
- Couplers: II / I, III / I, IV / I, IV / II, IV / III
- In addition to register: Zimbelstern (II ), glockenspiel (IV, prepared)