Duchy of Massa and Carrara
The Duchy of Massa and Carrara was a top Italian Duodezfürstentum that existed from 1663 to 1859.
The neighboring duchies of Massa and Carrara were ruled in personal union since 1663 of monarchs of the northern Italian dynasty Cibo - Malaspina. The last scion of the house, Duchess Maria Teresa (1731-1790), married the last Duke of Modena from the house of Este, Ercole III. d' Este. They ruled their own countries but independently and inherited this 1790 their daughter Maria Beatrice d' Este ( 1750-1829 ), who was married to an Austrian Archduke. 1797 also Massa and Carrara from invading northern Italy revolutionary France was occupied successively and parts of the French vassal states Cisalpine Republic, Italian Republic and the Kingdom of Italy. 1806 Napoleon annexed as an Italian king of Massa-Carrara from his kingdom and sat there, his brother- Félix Baciocchi, since 1805 already Duke of Lucca, as a ruler. After the fall of Napoleon, the Este rule in 1814 under Austrian protection restored in Massa -Carrara. With the death of the Duchess Maria Beatrice in 1829 inherited their son, Duke Francis IV of Modena, Archduke of Austria -Este, the small states of Massa and Carrara, which has since remained and in Modenese States Association until 1859 in the Risorgimento only to the Kingdom of Sardinia and then joined to the new unified state of Italy.
But there is a territorial identity as a province of Massa- Carrara today.
Prince, later Dukes of Massa
- I. Alberico Cibo - Malaspina (1554-1623), great-grandson of Innocent VIII
- Carlo I. Cibo - Malaspina (1623-1662)
- Alberico II Cibo - Malaspina (1662-1690)
- Carlo II Cibo - Malaspina (1690-1710)
- Alberico III. Cibo - Malaspina (1710-1715)
- Alderamo Cibo - Malaspina (1715-1731)
- Maria Teresa Cibo - Malaspina (1731-1790) ∞ Ercole III. d' Este
- Maria Beatrice d' Este (1750-1829) ∞ Archduke Ferdinand Karl von Habsburg-Lothringen