Duke Wen of Jin

Duke Wen of Jin (Chinese晋文公; * 697 BC; † 628 BC) was a Chinese ruler and one of the five hegemons of the time of the Spring and Autumn Annals. From 636 BC until his death he ruled the state Jin. Under his rule, Jin became the powerful Chinese government of his time.

Before his accession, he was called Ji Chong'er (重耳).

Biography

Chong'er was the son of Duke Xian of Jin. The year of birth 697 BC refers to Sima Qian's information, after the Guoyu he would later ( 680, 673 or 672 BC), born.

Xian had several sons, including next Chong'er also Sheng Sheng, and Xiqi Yiwu. Sheng Sheng he did - probably at the instigation of Xiqis mother Li Ji - murder. Even against Chong'er there was an assassination attempt, whereupon he fled from Jin. He lived for 19 years in changing exiles and developed at this time a reputation as an impressive personality and gathered many followers around.

While Chong'er there was in exile, Xian and his son Xiqi died. Yiwu reigned 650-636 BC as Duke Hui of Jin.

636 BC Chong'er returned back to Jin and ascended with the help of troops from Qin and as Duke Wen the throne. Then he initiated reforms, organized the military new and improved the administrative apparatus. Under Duke Wen Jin conquered many small states, but many of the inhabitants of these States welcomed his rule.

When King Xiang of Zhou was overthrown by Prince Dai, Wen helped him regain the throne. He led the alliance, which restored Xiang's rule. He also led Jin as head of the coalition against Chu. 632 BC defeated his troops ( along with those of Qi and Qin ) Chu at the Battle of Chengpu.