Düsseldorf-Himmelgeist

Dusseldorf - Himmelgeist is a geographically large, but numerically less populous district located south of the city on the Rhine.

The district is characterized by small streets and large yards. Its mainly agricultural use conveys the atmosphere of a small, peaceful village. Despite the threat of flooding in the spring sky spirit is a pretty expensive area whose rents are much higher than the city average.

Popular destinations are the Rhine front, the south to Rheinbogen and the Mickeln castle with its 20-hectare park. In the neighborhood of the districts of Itter and Volmerswerth lie.

For over a thousand years old name Himmelgeist there are two interpretations: Humelgis was a " heathland ", as a counterpart to the marshland, and a mixture of humilis = low and gise = heathland; another derivation of similar origin was probably referred to the Middle High German geest / spirits, allowing for a " dry spot in the floodplain ".

History

Himmelgeist was first mentioned in 904 and is thus older than Dusseldorf. Duty important for the local history documents with data and information, there are essentially only for the original stately homes and house Fronhof Mickeln, in notes to the village church and the documents of the authorities responsible for Himmelgeist in the Middle Ages District Courts.

Besides the two mentioned noble courts, there were some older houses, which are detectable in the Middle Ages. These are the Bruckerhof, the oldest evidence is a lease of 1438 and the Neuenhof, which is listed in a directory of 1601.

The Mickeln the house belonging lands were originally cultivated by the building complex. Only after the fire at the old house Mickeln In 1836, the building of the castle courtyard Meier built after the construction of the castle Mickeln. This is in part due to the ancient cellars of the former house Mickeln. Stones of the burned house were used for the construction of the Court building.

Fronhof

The Fronhof was originally a basic Gorgeous yard and in the present case, a royal estate of the Carolingians. In the already cited document from the 10th century this court on August 2, 904 by Ludwig IV, the child was left in the pen Kaiserwerth for permanent stipend ( living ). The farm is the oldest writing detectable settlement site south of Düsseldorf.

It was for some time after an ecclesiastical branch of Kaiserwerth, Cellula in Humilgiese. However, the pin Kaiserwerth must have sold the farm again later. In another document of May 1144 a Conrad of Hohenstaufen confirmed the Benedictine nunnery in Vilich at Bonn property rights to the Fronhof. This ownership of the woman pin changed until the secularization in 1803 not as a document of 1791/92 shows. 1806 Fronhof was sold by the Bergisch domain Treasury at Wilhelm von Hompesch. This had already been the owner of the house Mickeln since the late 18th century. By a further sale in 1835 reached by the Court in the possession of the Duke Prosper Louis of Arenbergs.

House Mickeln

In a document from the year 1210, Pope Innocent III. the Abbey of Altenberg various possessions. One of them is home Mickeln in Himmelgeist. This property was in 1237 by Pope Gregory IX. confirmed. 1382 Mickeln house was sold to the Duke of Berg. As a knight's seat he was in 1418 indicated as owned by the Lords of chapels. By purchasing it was in 1632 become the property of Baron Vilich who bore the title of Lord Mickeln. 1681 House Mickeln was inherited by the Counts von Nesselrode - rich rock. After extinction of the line of the noble family in 1776 were the barons of Hompesch -Boll home owner from house Mickeln. 1835 sold the heirs of William of Hompesch house Mickeln with the Fronhof together to the Duke of Arenberg. A year later the house burned down Mickeln. Not far from the old site after the present castle was rebuilt Mickeln. This remained until the mid-20th century belonged to the noble family Arenberg. In 1973, the Castle of the Arenberg Dusseldorf GmbH was donated to the city of Dusseldorf.

Bergische Land and Hofgerichte

The administration of medieval communities related mainly to the use of cooperative forest and meadow areas, service delivery and control of the courts for the delivery of agricultural products ( tenth power) and Karr and tensioning services. The basis for the clarification of inheritance matters and disputes the Bergisch land rights. For this land and Hofgerichte were responsible. These were carried out by appointed by the rulers for life aldermen. This general structure was considered for the Bergisch land rights to this in 1810 by the Civil Code of the Francaise was replaced.

In today's south of Düsseldorf, the Office Monheim was for centuries the competent court area. This included for the year 1363, according to a document the following locations: Monheim, hit village, Rhine village, Reusrath, Rich Rath, sky spirit, Bilk and Hamm. As bergisches District Court in the Official Monheim Himmelgeist was also responsible for Benrath and Itter at this time. The oldest verifiable court seal of heaven spirit comes from 1368 to 1454. 2 In documents from 1368 and 1454 is in each case a judgment, signed by 2 and by 4 aldermen, bearing this mark. In another Gerichtserkundigung of 1555 a total of 5 dishes are listed for the post Monheim. For one of these dishes is quoted: " seindt unijrt and Hemmelgeist beaten in religious Bach". This means that at this time the courts of these two places together. The seat of the court was not in heaven but in spirit Urdenbach.

Modern Times

During the Napoleonic period, the Grand Duchy of Berg was founded under the rule of the French, 1806. According to a decree of 13 October 1807 Canton Rich Rath was formed as part of the municipal administration. 1808 belonged to this canton four municipalities. One of the four was Benrath with the villages: Garath, sky spirit, Holthausen, Itter, Urdenbach and versts. Himmelgeist was from this time, a part of municipality of Greater Benrath. These membership of the communities also changed after 1813 not when, after the retreat of the French, the General Mountain was formed under the leadership of a central board of directors first. As of June 15, 1814 the Rhineland was first provisional and in June 9, 1815 final to the Kingdom of Prussia. Under wholesale Benrath four rural communities were summarized. Himmelgeist - versts of it was one of the four municipalities. After versts was excreted from Great -Benrath on April 1, 1928 then ended and the sky of mind. In a sky spirits council meeting of 17 September 1928, the exit from wholesale Benrath was decided. On February 8, 1929, the annexation treaty was signed between heaven spirit and Dusseldorf.

Rheinfähre

For centuries there was a ferry crossing between the left bank and the right bank Uedesheim Himmelgeist. 1888, the hitherto existing ferry was replaced by a cross cable Ponte. The ferry was accident-free until 1947. On March 7, 1947, came to a serious accident. The St. Anthony ferry sank in the Rhine, which led drift at this time. In the fall, 14 people lost their lives. At the misfortune today reminds Uedesheimer side a bronze plaque to the right of the Deichtor that the Beautification Association Neuss- Uedesheim donated eV 2008. Until the establishment of the Fleher bridge in the late 1970s in connection with the expansion of the A 46, the ferry was also used for the transport of cars. The year-round ferry service was discontinued after commissioning of the Fleher bridge. Since 2010, there is in the summer months, an irregular ferry service for pedestrians and cyclists on the weekends and on public holidays.

Others

The parish church of St. Nicholas is one of the three oldest churches in the city. Owner of this church was in the middle ages times, the pin Vilich. In a stock book of the church is led in 1601 that at that time the parish was entitled to a share of the tithe of Fronhofes.

In Himmelgeist went Jakobi 1585 Margravine of Baden, due to their sad fate called the unfortunate Jacobe, on land, to marry the Crown Prince Düsseldorf.

In the nature reserve sky spirits Rheinbogen is the sky spirits chestnut.