Dysgerminoma

The dysgerminoma ( Syn: seminoma of the ovary ) is a malignant tumor of the ovary and is one of the malignant germ cell tumors of the woman. Dysgerminomas are usually hormonally inactive. The tumor consists of undifferentiated germ cells and grows quickly.

Epidemiology

The dysgerminoma is the most common malignant germ cell tumor of the woman and makes up about 2-5 % of all malignant tumors of the ovary from. It occurs particularly in younger women, about 90 % of the patients are younger than 30 years. Due to its age the summit dysgerminoma is often discovered during pregnancy.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Dysgerminoms is nonspecific and usually characterized by abdominal pain. In an ischemia of the tumor may lead to signs of an acute abdomen.

Spread

Approximately 70-80% of dysgerminomas are limited to one ovary ( stage corresponds 1A), in 10-15 % of cases, both ovaries are affected. When dysgerminoma, the incidence of lymph node involvement is almost 30 % compared to other germ cell tumors at the highest.

Therapy

The treatment of dysgerminomas consists of surgical removal of a adnexal for Fertility and stage 1A. A bilateral Adnektomie, hysterectomy, omentectomy should be performed when there is no desire for children is present or higher grade stages. An irradiation with 30-40 Gy is useful because of the high radiosensitivity of the tumor after surgery. In stage IA chemotherapy is necessary after surgery. In higher stages, and also in patients in whom the tumor could not be completely removed, is possible by a 3-fold chemotherapy a cure. Chemotherapy consists of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin ( BEP ) or a combination of cisplatin, vinblastine and bleomycin ( PVB).

Forecast

The 10 - year survival rate is 75-90 %, when the capsule is intact, no ascites is present, the tumor is less than 10 cm and is not adherent to adjacent structures.