Eighty Mile Beach
The Eighty Mile Beach, (literally " 80 mile beach ", also written Eighty- mile Beach or 80 -mile Beach ) is situated along the north west coast of Western Australia. It is located approximately midway between the towns of Broome and Port Hedland. It is a beach of approximately 220 km in length, forming a coast line where the Great Sandy Desert reaching the Indian Ocean. The beach is one of the most important sites for shorebirds in Australia. The wetland of international importance protected by the Ramsar Convention.
- 2.1 Geography
- 2.2 climate
- 3.1 Mandora Marsh 3.1.1 Flora
- 3.1.2 Fauna
History
Traditional owners and use
The section south to the Eighty Mile Beach is the traditional Aboriginal ownership of Nyangumarta that entertain through many songs, dreamtime stories and ceremonies strong relationships to the beach and its surroundings. In June 2009, the Nyangumarta got a Native Title on this stretch of beach by the Federal Court of Australia. The court judgment concerned the country right about Nyiyamarri Pukurl, an area adjacent to the Eighty Mile Beach Caravan Park.
Traditional owners of the northern part of the Eighty Mile Beach, which is located in the vicinity of the dairy Anna Plains Station, are one half the Nyangumarta and Garadjari or Karadjari. Both tribes submitted a request for transfer of ownership over the overlapping area and a corresponding native title was awarded to them on 25 May 2012. The court judgment concerned the country in Talgarno, a former military base in the field of dairy industry of Anna Plains Station.
In the language of Karajarri the Eighty Mile Beach is also known as Turner, was a creaking noise ( German: a creaking noise ) means. It is caused when you walk on sand drying. Today, many Aboriginal people live, have the connections to this country in the Bidyadanga community, the former Aboriginal mission station La Grange Mission, and near Frazier Downs. Many drinking water resources, called oaks or Lirri, are partly deep below the sand surface behind the beach. This water was of great importance for the Aboriginal people. Many of the oaks were also water reserves on the drovers route Kimberley De Grey, which was used until the 1960s to overcome long distances.
Military use
The Talgarno military base, east of Anna Plains Station located, was significant for tracking the trajectory and finding the British medium-range missile type Blue Streak, which were launched from Woomera in South Australia from after the Second World War. A dirt runway, fountains and a bunker of concrete remember. 1999 tested the Australian Ministry of Defence firing of the missile from the field of Anna Plains station as she developed the Jindalee Operational Radar Network.
Watvogelforschung
The Eight Mile Beach has been filed because of its importance for waders as Important Bird Area (IBA ). He is one of the most important places of Watvogelforschung in the northwest of Australia. As a base of over 400,000 waders, the other about one percent of the global population of bar-tailed godwit, Isabellbrachvogel, Great Knot, Red Knot, Rotkehlstrandläufer, Graytail Sandpiper, Terek Sandpiper, Australian beach runners, Sand Plover, Plover, Red-headed Plover and Oriental Pratincole with other irregularly high attendance figures types of accounts. Already since 1981, will take place Vogelberingungen and annual counts of waders as part of a long-term program for the detection of bird populations on the Asian- Australasian Vogelfluglinie. Since 1992, most captive birds are labeled at their feet to explore their exact flight paths and whereabouts.
Description
Geography
The Eighty Mile Beach is located in the Dampierland - bioregion in the Shire of Broome in the Kimberleyregion of Western Australia. The beach stretches south-west of Cape Missiessy ( position - 19.05121.51667 ) in a shallow curve to Cape Keraudren ( position - 19.966667119.766667 ), where it finds its center ( position - 19.616667120.983333 ).
The beach is about 100 m wide and has a slight slope. It consists of sand with a high proportion of shell debris and subject to substantial tidal range of up to 9 meters. The costs associated with the beach mudflats vary in length from one to five kilometers. The landward side is bounded by dunes, followed by a narrow floodplain and further inland, a strip of land, called Pindan, a local or a savannah bushland. Most of the land along the coast is managed by four large cattle stations, from the Anna Plains Station, Mandora Station, Wallal station and Pardoo station.
Climate
The climate is characterized semi-arid because of the monsoon by warm, humid summers and warm dry winters. Medium to average rainfall varies between 327-341 mm and there is an annual evaporation of 3500 mm. The precipitation amounts are different, depending on the strak vary each year during the rainy season. This depends on the tropical cyclones in the period from January to March.
Ramsar Convention
Explains approximately 1750 sq km of the beach and the associated country, as well as the Mandora Marsh, were on 7 June 1990 on the territory of the Ramsar Site 480
Mandora Marsh
Called Mandora Marsh even Mandora Salt Marsh, forms of different wetland complexes that are based on a paleo- river system. They lie in the field of Mandora station with its end in the west, 30 miles from Eighty Mile Beach at the beginning of the Great Northern Highway at the western end of the Great Sandy Desert, in the bioregion lies. It is located in the Eighty Mile Beach Ramsar site and is important for the local environment.
Flora
Along the beach the upstream dunes are stabilized by Green Bird Flower ( Crotalaria cunninghamii ) and Beach Spinifex ( Spinifex longifolius ). Downstream parallel calcareous dune ridges and depressions are usually covered by Dune Wattle (Acacia bivenosa ). Major grasses are the Whiteochloa airoides and the locally endemic Triodia epactia, a resin-rich fine Horst Art The domestic grassland is greatly changed by the intensive grazing and is of entrained grasses such as buffalo grass ( Cenchrus ciliaris ) and Birdwood Grass ( Cenchrus Sea Tiger ) dominates.
Beach Spinifex
Buffalo grass ( Cenchrus ciliaris )
Fauna
The significant value of the Eighty Mile Beach is located in the presence of a very large number of waders, for which he is not breeding but rest stop on the East Asian- Australasian flight path. He is regularly aifgesucht more than 400,000 birds. The beach is especially important as a resting place of birds that migrate south from their breeding grounds from their higher-lying latitudes in northern Asia and Alaska, to dwell in the southern hemisphere in summer in Australia. He is one of the most important places to stay for the migration of Great Knot and supports at least one percent of the population of migratory birds (or one percent of the population of the remaining birds) of 17 waders and the Caspian tern. The most common wader species on the beach are Big Red Knot (more than 169,000 were counted ), Bar-tailed Godwit ( 110,000 ) and Knuttstrandläufer ( 80,000 ). Other notable species on the beach, including the crescent beach runners ( 60,000 ), are Rotkehlstrandläufer ( 60,000 ), Sand Plover ( 64,000 ) and steppe Plover ( Charadrius veredus ) ( 57,000 ) Spitzschwanz beach runners ( 25,000 ) at both beaches and floodplains and swamps and the dwarf curlew ( 12,000 ) in the flooded areas.
Caspian Tern
Wallaroo
Flatback turtles nest from October to April at scattered places at Eighty Mile Beach. Coastal plains in the southern areas of the Anna Plains Homestead are strongholds of the Australian Bustard, which also support a high density of red giant kangaroos. The western part of Wallal Downs has a dense population of mountain kangaroos.
Tourism and beach access
The Eighty Mile Beach is relatively little interest among tourists, but rising. A caravan park was built on the Wallal Downs, an access point to the beach, located 250 km north of Port Hedland and 365 km south of Broome. He is visited by fishermen, shell collectors and beach recreation seekers.
Swell
- Livesey, NJG (1993 ) Eighty- Mile Beach Area: supporting documentation for inclusion on the register of the National Estate: report to the Australian Heritage Commission and the Heritage Council of Western Australia, August 1993 Murdoch, WA: Murdoch University. NEDP documentation; no 3:93
- Minton, Clive: The history of wader studies in north-west Australia. In: Stilt. 50, 2006, pp. 224-234.
- Stewart, RR (2005) Biophysical resource assessment of the Canning Coast, WA, including Roebuck Bay, Lagrange Bay and Eighty Mile Beach other authors - K. Fitzgerald and P. Kindleysides. Fremantle, W. A.: Dept. of Conservation and Land Management, Marine Conservation Branch, ' "Data report: MRI / CAN, EMF / RBL, EMB-66/2005 "