Electric stove

An electric cooker ( stove short ) is a large electrical device that is used in kitchens for cooking or heating of food. The first electric stove was introduced in 1893 at the World Exhibition in Chicago.

The term refers to a stove combination unit with two areas: the hob with the hotplates above ( for heating pots and pans), and the oven ( the oven) below ( for baking and frying ). In this case, both devices are powered electrically.

In modern kitchens, these functions are usually divided into two separate units. This has the advantage among others, that the oven can be installed separately from the hob, for example in high ergonomically favorable installation. Such a self-sufficient hob is called hotplate. Furthermore, a distinction is made between built-in cooker and Stand-/Anstellherd, the latter is not built into your kitchen furniture.

History

George B. Simpson invented the electric stove in the 1850s. In the panel of a coal stove, he integrated a wire which was heated with an electric current. On September 20, 1859, he received a U.S. patent on this electro heater. Since then, however, hardly households had electricity and because you could not control the temperature of the stove except by switching on and off, very few copies were requested. In addition, the stoves were still very expensive. Therefore, many households preferred a gas stove.

It was not until the 1920s - after many technical developments - spread the electric stove in the U.S. and in Europe. In some European countries, the electric stove to could not prevail today ( eg Italy). One reason is the high terminal value of a four plate stove of about 10 kW - most domestic consumers have under 2 kW.

Connection

In Europe, it combines electric cookers preferred as " permanent connection " means a Herdanschlussdose (usually with screw terminals) to the power supply. For the power supply is a 400 V three-phase AC power connector is common, but also single-phase 230 V supplies with a connection cross section of up to 6 mm ² and a fuse of up to 35 A are especially common in older installations. With a 400 V three-phase AC power connector and common protection with 16 A Electric ovens can be supplied with a power input of up to 11 kW.

In case of supply of three-phase alternating current a flexible 5-pole cooker connection cable with a cross section of 2.5 mm ² between the Herdanschlussdose and the stove is required. The individual conductors of the cooker connection line are for the protective conductor (PE), the neutral conductor (N) and for the three phase conductors (L1, L2, L3 ) is used. Current cooker connection lines correspond to the standard DIN EN 50525-1:2012-01 (VDE 0285-525-1 ); the individual cores have a color code according to DIN VDE 0293-308:2003. In accordance with the relevant standards, the color combination " Green-Yellow " the protective conductor, the color " blue " the neutral conductor and the color " brown ", " black" and " gray " is assigned to the three phases.

Due to the repeated conversion of standards for the core identification ( according to the standard versions prior to 1964 and to date several times amended standards ), the colors vary greatly especially in older buildings. A mandatory assignment is only possible with a professional two-terminal measurement.

In Germany, a fixed connection for an electric stove may only be made by a qualified electrician or by a qualified electrician for specified activities in accordance with BGV A3.