Émile Baudot
Jean -Maurice -Émile Baudot, called Émile, ( born September 11, 1845 in Magneux (Haute -Marne ), France, † March 28, 1903 in Sceaux, near Paris ) was a French engineer and inventor.
Life
Born the son of a farmer, Baudot only attended primary school. In his youth he worked on his father's farm. Until his entry into the French administration for Posts and Telegraphs on July 16, 1870 so he lived a rural life that in no way predestined him to his later inventions.
After joining the Department of Posts and Telegraphs, he undertook, in view of the scientific side of his new profession everything to perfect his general education, electricity and mechanics. The limited spare time, which gave him his activities in the central post office in Paris, Baudot used for scientific studies and research for the improvement of telegraphic apparatus. After his first success, he was promoted to Controller in 1880. This inspired, he decided to become an engineer. None - as is his childhood had taught him - to neglect his real work, Baudot was preparing for the exams and took them with some success. In 1882 he was appointed out Prüfinspektions engineer.
During his entire research was supported Baudot little of the French administration for Posts and Telegraphs. Frequently he had to finance his research out of pocket. For example, in 1880 he sold his large gold medal, with which he was awarded in 1878 at the World Exhibition in Paris.
For his achievements Émile Baudot in 1879 awarded the Cross of the French Legion of Honour. The highest award received in his lifetime his work was Baudot, as he was in 1898 appointed an Officer of the French Legion of Honour.
On March 28, 1903 Émile Baudot died after a long illness at the age of 57 years.
In 1926 his unit for the step speed baud telegraph was introduced and named in honor. The unit Baud refers to the number of symbols transmitted per second.
The asteroid ( 14400 ) Baudot was named after him in 2000.
Services
The goal of Baudots research and development was to improve the hitherto slow Telegraphic Transfer. Based on the knowledge of Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Eduard Weber developed Baudot in 1870 initially named after him Baudot code (later " International Telegraph Alphabet No.. 1 ( ITA1 ), CCITT -1").
On June 17, 1874 Baudot was issued under the number 103 898 patent, entitled "System for rapid telegraphy ". This Telegrafiegerät was using his 5 -bit codes to be able to transmit simultaneously over a line two telegrams and print them on the receiver side directly as readable text in two different strips of paper. Essentially, this device was based on printer details from David Edward Hughes ' Telegrafiegerät and a distributor, which was invented by Bernard Meyer in 1871. Baudot combined these techniques including his own ideas, a keyboard with 5 keys, with its 5- bit code was very easy to enter. The device thus produced was the first, the signals transferred in a synchronous system, now known as time division multiplexing, so as to achieve a multiple utilization of lines.
The Baudot system was adopted in 1875 by the French administration for Posts and Telegraphs. The first connection test his system were successful on November 12, 1877 between Paris and Bordeaux instead.
The end of 1877, the Paris- Rome ( about 1700 miles), taken by a double Baudot telegraph system in operation.
As of January 3, 1894, the Baudot telegraph operated the underground lines with a triple apparatus from Paris to Bordeaux, who worked until then only very unreliable and the Hughes telegraph system.
On April 27, 1894 presented Baudot - turn over a single line - the connection between the Paris and Milan Stock Exchange and simultaneously between the central post office in Paris and Milan ago.
The Baudot telegraph system has been gradually used in France. Other countries such as
Followed with the introduction of the Baudot telegraph system.