Eriospermum
Eriospermum is a plant genus which belongs to the family of asparagus plants ( Asparagaceae ). She was formerly the only genus in the mono- generic family Eriospermaceae gestellt.Endl. The botanical name of the genus is derived from the Greek words for erion, wool ' and spermus for, SAMIg ' from. He refers to the characteristic hairy seed of the species. In Afrikaans, the tubers bobbejaanui, so called Pavianszwiebel '.
Description
The species of the genus Eriospermum grow as a perennial geophytes with single or offshoots forming, in shape and size very variable Hypokotylknollen. The tubers are spherical to elongated and have an apical or dorsal growing point and white to red tuber tissue. The petioles are persistent and form a sheath through which the fallen leaf of the next year appears. The sloping and single sheet usually appear with or after the blossoms. It is flat, ovate to linear, smooth, hairy or with finger-like outgrowths or has deeply incised appendages on the leaf surface.
The simple inflorescence is a panicle and usually appears during the summer or autumn. The upright flower stem bears no or only tiny bracts. The opening day at the stalked flowers are actinomorphic and rad - up bell-shaped. Their six tepals and six stamens arranged in two circles. The white, pink or yellow tepals are somewhat together and there again fused at their base with the stamens. The filaments are filiform to lanceolate, the dorsifixen, introrsen dust bags are shield-shaped and tear along to. The Upper permanent, sedentary ovary is spherical and dreifächrig. It contains few seeds plants with central placentation. The stylus is terete, the scar dreizipflig.
The fruits are oblong to ovoid lokulizide capsules. They contain few ( up to twelve) pear to comma-shaped seeds, which are densely covered with long, white, unicellular hairs.
Dissemination
The species of the genus Eriospermum are common in sub-Saharan Africa. A center of diversity is the Succulent Karoo, which is located in South Africa's Western Cape province. Many species are endemic to the local semi-arid winter rainfall areas.
System
The first description of the genus Eriospermum with a total of three species was in 1796 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin. Nomenclatural synonyms of the genus are Loncodilis Raf., Phylloglottis Salisb. and Thaumaza Salisb. The type species is Eriospermum lanceifolium Jacq.
Stephan Ladislaus Finite referred in 1836 for the first time in the genus as a separate family Eriospermaceae. Karl Sigismund Kunth knew in 1843 eight species of the genus. 1994 Affiliate Pauline Lesley Perry (* 1927) in their revision of the genus 102 species in three subgenera with nine sections:
- Subgenus Ligulatum P.L.Perry Section Synanthum P.L.Perry
- Section Grandibracteatum P.L.Perry
- Section Photopedicellatum P.L.Perry
- Section Thaumaza ( Salisb. ) P.L.Perry
- Section Ligulatum P.L.Perry ex Thiede
- Section Cyathiflorum P.L.Perry ex Thiede
- Section Rotatum P.L.Perry
- Section Eriospermum
- Section Gracilum P.L.Perry
At genus Eriospermum include the following types:
- Eriospermum abyssinicum Baker
- Eriospermum aequilibre Poelln.
- Eriospermum alcicorne Baker
- Eriospermum algiferum Marloth ex A.V.Duthie
- Eriospermum andongense Welw. ex Baker
- Eriospermum aphyllum Marloth
- Eriospermum appendiculatum A.V.Duthie
- Eriospermum arachnoideum P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum arenosum P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum aribesense P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum armianum P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum attenuatum Marloth ex P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum bakerianum Schinz Eriospermum bakerianum subsp. bakerianum
- Eriospermum bakerianum subsp. Tortuosum ( Dammer ) P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum capense subsp. capense
- Eriospermum capense subsp. stoloniferum ( Marloth ) P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum cooperi cooperi var
- Eriospermum cooperi var natalense ( Baker) PLPerry
- Eriospermum dielsianum subsp. dielsianum
- Eriospermum dielsianum subsp. molle Marloth ex P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum mackenii subsp. galpinii ( Schinz ) P.L.Perry
- Eriospermum mackenii subsp. mackenii
- Eriospermum mackenii subsp. phippsii (Wild) P.L.Perry