Erythrodes
Erythrodes is a genus of the orchid family ( Orchidaceae). It consists of about 28 species of herbaceous plants that are native to tropical Southeast Asia.
Description
The species of the genus Erythrodes form a creeping rhizome, which is rooted at the nodes. The ascending rung carry the leaves evenly distributed or in a loose rosette, as in the lower half of the upright shoot. The green or red-brown, somewhat fleshy leaves are broad to narrow oval shaped, often slightly asymmetrical, short-stalked. The tubular leaf base includes the shoot.
About the leaves to the stem axis is continued as vielblütiger, racemose inflorescence. The inflorescence axis is hairy and is comprised of a few high leaves. The bracts are at least as long as the ovary and the short pedicel together. The ovary is hairy and twisted. The flowers are 'upside, the petals are free. The three sepals are about the same shape and the same size, hairy on the outside. The lateral sepals are spread apart, the upper sepal forms the lateral petals and attached a tube. The lateral petals are narrow spatulate to rhombic. The lip forms a long, in some species at the end bilobed spur at the base. The lip is divided into two parts: the basal member Hypochil is bowl-shaped or U-shaped in cross section; the front part, the Epichil is bent back downwards. The column is oblong-shaped and becomes narrower towards the front. The stamen contains two club-shaped pollinia, which are connected via a respective stalks with the viscid disc ( Viscidium ). The scar consists of an undivided land that is below the separation between scar tissue and stamen ( rostellum ). The rostellum is triangular with a two-part tip. The capsule fruit is spindle-shaped.
Occurrence
Erythrodes is widespread in tropical Southeast Asia. From China spreading across India dates back, the Indonesian and Philippine Islands to New Guinea and other Pacific islands. The species grow in the humus layer of humid forests, sometimes epiphytic. They come in altitudes up to 1600 meters before.
Systematics and botanical history
Erythrodes is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Goodyerinae. After Dressler can this be further subdivided into two groups; Erythrodes stands together with the majority of species which do not have two clearly separate stigmatic surfaces. A similar species is widespread in South America Microchilus.
The genus Erythrodes was erected in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume. Type species is Erythrodes latifolia. The name derives from the Greek Erythrodes erythros, "red", and refers to the red-brown inflorescence.
26 species are counted to Erythrodes:
- Erythrodes amboinensis ( J.J.Sm. ) J.J.Sm.
- Erythrodes bicalcaratus ( RSRogers & CTWhite ) W.Kittr.
- Erythrodes bicarinata Schltr.
- Erythrodes blumei ( Lindl. ) Schltr.
- Erythrodes boettcheri Ames
- Erythrodes celebensis p.o ' Byrne
- Erythrodes forcipata Schltr.
- Erythrodes glandulosa ( Lindl. ) Ames
- Erythrodes glaucescens Schltr.
- Erythrodes hirsuta ( Griff. ) Ormerod
- Erythrodes humilis ( flower) J.J.Sm.
- Erythrodes johorensis ( p.o ' Byrne ) Ormerod
- Erythrodes latifolia flower
- Erythrodes latiloba Ormerod
- Erythrodes oxyglossa Schltr.
- Erythrodes papuana Schltr.
- Erythrodes parvula Cyrus
- Erythrodes praemorsa Schltr.
- Erythrodes purpurascens Schltr.
- Erythrodes sepikana Schltr.
- Erythrodes sutricalcar L.O.Williams
- Erythrodes tetrodonta Ormerod
- Erythrodes torricellensis Schltr.
- Erythrodes triloba Carr
- Erythrodes weberi Ames
- Erythrodes wenzelii Ames