Étienne Lancereaux

Étienne Lancereaux ( born November 27, 1829 in Brécy - Brières, Ardennes department, † October 26th 1910 in Paris) was a French physician and diabetologist. He worked at various hospitals in Paris and made ​​important contributions to the understanding of diabetes mellitus, such as the view that the diabetes is a disease of the pancreas is, and to distinguish between different forms of diabetes. In his later life he was president of the Académie nationale de Médecine.

Life

Étienne Lancereaux was born in 1829 in the Champagne- Ardenne region and graduated in Reims and Paris to study medicine, which he completed in 1862. From 1869 he worked at various hospitals in Paris as a Doctor of hôpitaux, one at the time in Paris usual and assistant doctors standing position. In 1872 he was Agrégé (Lecturer ), but he gained his life no academic chair. In his views and interests, he was influenced by the French physiologist Claude Bernard. In contrast to Bernard, he represented based on their own pathological and clinical studies, the opinion that the cause of diabetes mellitus was found in the pancreas, and accordingly coined in a 1877 publication published the term " pancreatic diabetes ". Bernard agreed at the request of Lancereaux willing to test this hypothesis experimentally by the removal of the pancreas of dogs, but died prior to any experiments. The confirmation of Lancereaux ' views was introduced later by Oskar Minkowski and Joseph von Mering.

On Étienne Lancereaux the still valid distinction between the two main forms of diabetes mellitus goes back beyond. The currently designated as type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes as manifestations of the disease he called in 1880 under the title " Le diabete maigre: ses symptomes, but evolution, but prognostie et son traitement " unpublished specification according to their clinical symptoms diabetes maigre ( " lean diabetes " ) and diabete gras ( " fat diabetes "). He is thus an important figure in the historical development of diabetes research. The monthly journal Diabetologia, the most important European scientific journal in this field, praised him accordingly in 2005 as part of a series of twelve scientists and doctors who were pictured on the cover of the magazine. For diabetes mellitus with marked emaciation ( cachexia ) of the patients in part is the name Lancereaux ' Diabetes in use.

The research interests of Étienne Lancereaux included, in addition to diabetes and alcoholism and syphilis, in addition, he described, among other infectious forms of jaundice and the transmission of typhoid by water. From 1905 he served as president of the Académie nationale de Médecine, in which he had been taken in 1877. He died in 1910 at the age of 81 years in Paris at an infection he had contracted by a knee injury.

Works (selection)

• Traité historique et pratique de la syphilis. Paris 1866
• Atlas d' anatomie pathologique. Three volumes. Paris 1875-1889
• Traité de l' herpétisme. Paris 1883
• Traité des maladies du foie et du pancréas. Paris 1899
• Alcoolisme. Paris 1907
• Traité de la goutte. Paris 1910