European Agency for Reconstruction

The European Agency for Reconstruction ( EAR, officially European Agency for Reconstruction ), was in time. 2000-2008, an agency of the European Union Your Central befandet in Thessaloníki in Greece, bases of operation are currently in Belgrade ( Serbia), Podgorica (Montenegro ), Pristina ( Kosovo) and Skopje (Macedonia).

The functions of the Authority included the management of EU programs on the ground in the reconstruction of the destroyed by the war in the 1990s territories in the Balkans. The annual amount invested by the EU budget in the region for the reconstruction Con t 2.3 billion euros. An independent agency, she was responsible to the European Parliament, representatives of the Member States of the European Union and the European Commission.

  • 3.1 2006
  • 3.2 2005 3.2.1 Specific measures in 2005
  • 4.1 2006
  • 4.2 2005
  • 4.3 2004
  • 4.4 2003
  • 4.5 years 2000 to 2002
  • 5.1 2006
  • 5.2 2005
  • 5.3 2004
  • 5.4 2003
  • 5.5 2002
  • 5.6 2001

Objectives

You should support the four states with the following objectives:

  • Good governance structure of state institutions, rule of law, Responsible governance
  • Development of a market economy, investment in infrastructure and environmental
  • Strengthening of civil societies

While shortly after the war, the focus was on immediate material reconstruction of the region, and later focused on the strengthening of state institutions at local and central level, strengthening the police and the judiciary, the national budget and public utilities in the foreground.

The EAR should the countries of the region stabilize and bring the European Union.

Serbia

For Serbia, the EAR € 1.1 billion available of which 86% ( 2006) have already been used. In 2005, the European Commission provided € 152 million for Serbia are available. In 2006, work continues the state institutions - from the judiciary through the media and the local administration to the health care system - to strengthen Serbia to develop a market economy, can join the European Union. The programs in the years 2005 and 2006 focus on long -term measures for particularly vulnerable groups to help promote competition, protect consumers and build a competitive economy attract foreign investors.

Specific programs in Serbia

  • Support for administrative reform: supporting the formation of a Supreme Court,
  • Supporting private sector investment and growth: support through training of employees and help in marketing abroad.
  • Relief of hand and Regional Integration: Support for cross-border institutions such as the in Horgos on the Hungarian border.
  • Restoration of transport infrastructure: reconstruction of the Sloboda Bridge in Novi Sad ( € 44 million )
  • Further improvements in the energy sector: Completion of the A5 power plant. Since 2000 the European Union has financed 35 % of the thermal power plants in Serbia.

Past Activities of the European Union

2004

The priority in 2004 were to strengthen the partnership between the European Union and Serbia in the process of European integration. The program was focused but also on economic development and attracting foreign financial investors. The first time was incorporated and the reintegration of refugees in the program, a key point for Serbia because there are very many uprooted people there.

2003

In 2003, the weight shifted to the sectors of public finance, justice and home affairs. Also, a reform to decentralize the administration was continued. Also high on the list was the support of the European integration of Serbia. The EAR supported Serbia in the harmonization of Serbian institutions and regulations on European standards.

Years 2001 and 2002

In 2001, the EAR focused more on medium-and long -term investments in the key sectors of energy, health, agriculture and private sector development. In 2002, the European Union increased its aid to long-term development of the economy has been promoted in the Good Governance. 2002, the Union launched a € 170 million program with which they helped restore the infrastructure and small and medium enterprises promoted reforms promoted, media urged to independent reporting and civil society promoted.

2000

The EAR is active in Serbia since December 2000. First, the EAR funded a rescue program which should help on the legs of the country. After ten years of sanctions and the war in 1999, the energy - economy was badly damaged and the living standard of the Serbs was very depressed. Substantial assistance has been allocated for electricity imports and the municipal heating system to the Serbs to bring warm for the winter. Other measures included the distribution of medicine, vegetable oil and sugar.

Montenegro

In Montenegro, the EAR € 121 million available to 89% of which were already in use. In 2006, the EU allocated € 18 million available. Montenegro has since 1998 worked with the EU under the " Obnova program " together.

2006

In 2006, the EAR focuses on the reintegration of refugees in Montenegro. This program is but also the civil society in social and economic reform, increase administrative capacity, bringing the state institutions to EU Standard, create an attractive environment for foreign investors and strengthen the economy.

2005

In 2005 was on improving the effectiveness of government as a key point in the EAR program. The projects focused on the expansion of administrative capacity, the development of human capital and the promotion of European integration.

Concrete measures in 2005

  • Public administration reform: help to establish the legislation is a career system for public performance. It was also helped in the EU integration and in international economic relations in the areas of communication and development of EC programs.
  • Law: Help for the Judicial Training Centre under the supervision of the Supreme Court to ensure financial and legal independence.
  • Energy: help in breaking up the energy company EPCG and privatization of the energy sector.
  • Agricultural development: assistance in developing a strategy for agriculture and fisheries.
  • Refugees: refugees by the Commissioner to provide assistance to the Commission for the opportunity to take care of refugees.
  • Equal rights for refugees: support of a law which provides for the rehabilitation and the opportunity to work for refugees.

2004

In 2004 a program was initiated that provided for support to Montenegro in the modernization. The focus was the continuing state employees and general professional training. Also tried the Montenegrin government was to bring to the EU level.

Years 2002 and 2003

In 2003, was the target of the EAR program, the strengthening of civil society in which people were encouraged to take more interest for the interests of the state and to monitor the activities of the government. In addition, the border management has been strengthened and attention to environmental protection. In 2002, the EAR funded a study on the feasibility of the development of the Montenegrin economy and Montenegro procured loans from international financial institutions for investment.

2001

In March 2001, the European Union opened the center of the EAR in Podgorica. The EAR was the first European agency in Montenegro. The EAR took over projects, the previously accrued under the 1998 " Obnova roof took place. These projects focused on development at local level, transportation and infrastructure, the creation of state institutions and vocational training.

Kosovo

The EAR in Kosovo represents a total of € 1.1 billion for various projects. 93 %, over one billion € have already been consumed. In 2005, the EU allocated € 77 million available.

2006

In 2006, the EAR continues to advise the Government in EU integration, uniform strategies and policies. It also promotes the economic situation to create jobs for the benefit of all communities in Kosovo, including Serbs. The EAR is trying to promote the reintegration of minorities in order to create a multi-ethnic society in Kosovo.

2005

  • To enable support of the Kosovo institutions to technical progress and reforms: the creation of administrative capacity.
  • UN Standards for Kosovo: The EAR continues to work with local authorities and the Government to improve together to the standards in Kosovo. The EAR are sure of € 160 million.
  • Repatriation of minorities: Help with return of 220 Serbian and Roma families. Rebuilding of their homes and infrastructure.
  • Access to justice: Around 31,000 people helped the EAR in civil and administrative law issues.
  • Public Budget: to provide assistance to the Finance and Economics Ministry to the first public investment program that includes 1500 projects.
  • Create jobs: supporting the economy through assistance with expansion and development of private companies.
  • Energy: In order to participate assistance for the energy sector to the Energy Community South East Europe.

2004

In 2004, the program was focused on international investment to attract in the good governance and legal security were ensured. Education and training were important components of the program in all sectors of the economy.

2003

In 2003, the priorities of the EAR were on administrative reform at national and local level as well as the strengthening of police and justice. Economic recovery and combat unemployment were other key points, together with the issues of the environment and support to civil society.

Years 2000 to 2002

In early 2000 took over the EAR responsibilities of the task force for the reconstruction of Kosovo. At that time, the regional headquarters of the EAR was opened in Pristina. The EAR focused on the restoration of infrastructure such as energy, housing, transport and water supply. They also backed private companies, agriculture, healthcare, and building state institutions. In 2002, the weight slowly moved towards expansion of government institutions and development of market economy. Restoring the infrastructure was continued, but at a lower level.

Macedonia

In Macedonia, the EAR operates a program in the amount of 293 million euros. 89 % have already been consumed. In 2005, a total of € 31 million have been made available. In addition, the EAR administered further € 150 million has asked the European Union before 2001.

2006

In 2006, the EAR of the Macedonian government continues to help in the implementation of political and economic reforms. A key process is the decentralization process and in the course of the EAR local authorities help carry out their new responsibilities. Another goal is to increase the minority interest in public institutions such as the police. Other projects focus on strengthening small and medium enterprises in order to create new jobs. Likewise, a great attention to the professional training, judicial reform and the strengthening of civil society is laid.

2005

Projects which were carried out in 2005:

  • Decentralization: Key assistance was provided in the forming of a centralized to a decentralized system. The regional administration has been strengthened in their Legislative power was given. It also 41 regional infrastructure projects were launched. In addition, a 500 000 was € municipality price advertised the three municipalities won those able to provide the best plan for a long-term improvement of living conditions in the community.
  • Economic reform: During the establishment of an agency for corporate support was assisted.
  • Police reforms: A police designed in collaboration with the MoI reform strategy. It was also assisted in the establishment of the new Police Academy.
  • Law: Help with the creation of the training institute for judges and prosecutors and establishment of an information system for all 28 courts to reduce the case backlog.
  • Jobs: assisting in the development and implementation of a National Action Plan that will provide a better education and work utensils.
  • Civil Society: Help for international and national non-governmental organizations (NGOs ) that promote inter-ethnic relations.

2004

In 2004, democracy and respect for the law, economic and social development, justice and home affairs and environment and resources were the main points of the program. The EAR also encouraged to provide education for the minorities to give them better job opportunities in public institutions. At the same time, the proportion of minorities is expected to increase in public institutions.

2003

In 2003, the EAR focused on the economic and social development. This included local infrastructure projects, vocational education and training and the creation of human capital in businesses. In the fields of justice and home affairs strengthening the management and border control was in the police academy was set up and a plan for immigration and asylum has been developed.

2002

In 2002, the EAR supported the justice sector and the sector of domestic policy. This includes a reform of the legislature and including a border surveillance reform. Moreover: the fight against crime and immigration and asylum on the task list. The strengthening of local administration, the inter-ethnic dialogue and the private and financial sector has been strengthened.

2001

In December of 2001, after the European Council decided to use the EAR started to work in Macedonia and opened the Regional Centre in Skopje. The reason was the reconstruction of the destroyed areas.

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