Father of the House

The interim president is (usually ) is the oldest participant in a meeting, especially a Parliament. Its function usually is the first meeting ( Inaugural meeting ) of the Board to conduct until a chairman is elected. Often the interim president is assisted by the youngest participants of the meeting as a deputy or secretary, for example, in the opening session of the Hesse Landtag.

By way of derogation may be meant by the interim president also that a member of the body that holds the longest tenure; this is for example the Swiss National Council since 2003 the case.

  • 4.1 House of Representatives

History

In Germany, for example, the oldest Member of the Bundestag. In the Bundestag, the interim president traditionally holds the first keynote speech at the beginning of an election period. Also traditionally this speech is published in the Bulletin of the Federal Government ( published 4 times a year ). The speech by Stefan Heym of 10 November 1994 to the beginning of the 13th legislature was not released as a single. With the guidance of the election of the new Speaker of Parliament exhausts the Office of the interim president.

Used during the Weimar Republic Wilhelm Pfannkuch only (SPD ), Clara Zetkin (KPD ) and Karl Litzmann (NSDAP ) from her position as interim president to keynote speeches. Just at this time the opening sessions were often overshadowed by riots, when Communists and Nazis disrupted the roll call of the interim president with cries or rattles. In the opening session, was elected in May 1924, the Reichstag, the Communists sang the Internationale, the rights replied with the Song of Germany, and the interim president Wilhelm Bock ( SPD) to its cylinder ( as a sign that the session was over ) and left the room. A new meeting was agreed in retrospect.

The task of the interim president fell away during the time of National Socialism. Each of the first meeting of the new Reichstag was opened by the Acting President of the previous Reichstag.

In the German Bundestag heard it as before in the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic to the tradition that the interim president formally satisfied the beginning of the first meeting that he held the office cope. This is done by naming his birthday and asks whether any of the members of the house is someone who was born before this date. Since this is usually not the case, he notes this and continues with the agenda.

The Austrian National Council does not know the function of the interim president. In Austria, the president of the former National Council opened the meeting and leading up to the election of the new President in the chair. In the existing until 1918 the House of Representatives of the Austrian Imperial Council, however, the function of the interim president was still common.

In the Swiss National Council, the function is no longer perceived since 2003 by the oldest member by age, but by the most senior. In the Senate, however, there was no age Bureau since 1848, there is also no legal election periods there.

In the United Kingdom and former states of the British Empire is in Parliament the Father of the House to an equivalent role. It is the longest continuously the meeting area Member.

Germany

Frankfurt National Assembly

The Frankfurt National Assembly of 1848/1849 would create an all-German constitution.

Reichstag of the North German Confederation

The Reichstag of the North German Confederation was the Parliament of the precursor (1867-1871) of the German Empire.

  • February 25, 1867: Leopold von Frankenberg and Ludwig village ( 1785-1878 ), conservative

Reichstag in the German Empire

The Reichstag in the German Empire was the parliament of the German Empire ( 1871-1918).

  • March 21, 1871: Leopold von Frankenberg Ludwig and village ( 1785-1878 ), conservative
  • February 5, 1874: Gustav von Bonin ( 1797-1878 ), old liberal
  • February 22, 1877: Gustav von Bonin ( 1797-1878 ), old liberal
  • September 9, 1878: Gustav von Bonin ( 1797-1878 ), old liberal
  • November 17, 1881: Helmuth Graf von Moltke ( 1800-1891 ), conservative (deputizing for the absent MPs Jean Dollfus )
  • November 20, 1884: Helmuth Graf von Moltke ( 1800-1891 ), conservative (deputizing for the absent MPs Jean Dollfus )
  • March 3, 1887: Helmuth Graf von Moltke ( 1800-1891 ), conservative
  • May 6, 1890: Helmuth Graf von Moltke ( 1800-1891 ), conservative
  • July 4, 1893: Christian Dieden ( 1810-1898 ), Catholic Center
  • December 6, 1898: Joseph Lingens ( 1818-1902 ), the center (for the absent deputies Christian Dieden )
  • December 3, 1903: Ulrich von Winterfeldt ( 1823-1908 ), German Conservative Party
  • February 19, 1907: Ulrich von Winterfeldt ( 1823-1908 ), German Conservative Party

Weimar National Assembly 1919/1920

The Weimar National Assembly drafted the Weimar Constitution and served until 1920 when Parliament.

  • February 6, 1919: Wilhelm Pfannkuch ( 1841-1923 ), SPD

Reichstag of the Weimar Republic

The Reichstag was the parliament of the Weimar Republic (1919-1933 ).

  • June 24, 1920: Henry Rieke ( 1843-1922 ), SPD
  • May 27 1924: Wilhelm Bock ( 1846-1931 ), SPD
  • January 5, 1925: Wilhelm Bock ( 1846-1931 ), SPD
  • June 13, 1928: Wilhelm Bock ( 1846-1931 ), SPD
  • October 13, 1930: Carl Herold ( 1848-1931 ), the center
  • August 30, 1932: Clara Zetkin ( 1857-1933 ), KPD
  • December 6, 1932: Karl Litzmann ( 1850-1936 ), the Nazi Party

Parliamentary Council

The Parliamentary Council has developed the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany 1948/1949.

German Bundestag

The German Bundestag since 1949, the Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Federal Council of the Federal Republic of Germany

The Federal Council is the representative of the German states since 1949. Defined as a continuous body it has, in contrast to the Bundestag as a discontinuous organ no interim president, apart from the first constituent meeting. At the 20th meeting no Prime Minister was present; since this case was not provided for in the Rules of Procedure and there were no other practices, adopted with the approval of the plenary, the interim president, the conduct of meetings.

GDR People's Chamber

The People's Chamber was the conformist parliament of the GDR. Only the last interim president came from a free choice.

  • October 7, 1949: Wilhelm Pieck ( 1876-1960 ), SED, chaired the first meeting of the Provisional People's Chamber, in his capacity as Chairman of the German People's Council
  • November 8, 1950: Otto book wit ( 1879-1964 ), SED
  • November 16, 1954: Otto book wit ( 1879-1964 ), SED
  • December 3, 1958: Otto book wit ( 1879-1964 ), SED
  • November 13, 1963: Otto book wit ( 1879-1964 ), SED
  • July 13, 1967: Otto Krauss ( 1884-1971 ), Liberal Democratic Party
  • November 26, 1971: Wilhelmine Schirmer Pröscher ( 1889-1992 ), DFD / LDPD
  • October 29, 1976: Wilhelmine Schirmer Pröscher ( 1889-1992 ), DFD / LDPD
  • June 25, 1981: Wilhelmine Schirmer Pröscher ( 1889-1992 ), DFD / LDPD
  • June 16, 1986: Wilhelmine Schirmer Pröscher ( 1889-1992 ), DFD / LDPD
  • April 5, 1990: Lothar Piche (* 1926), DSU

Countries of the GDR

The countries of the GDR should represent the Constitution according to the countries that existed until 1952. Members will then have been provided by the district days.

  • Provisional countries chamber (11 October 1949): August Froelich ( 1877-1966 ), SED
  • First term (9 November 1950): August Froelich ( 1877-1966 ), SED
  • Second election period (29 November 1954): August Froelich ( 1877-1966 ), SED
  • Third term (10 December 1958): August Froelich ( 1877-1966 ), SED

Swiss National

The Swiss National Council is the parliament of Switzerland. As interim president applies here since 2003 that a member with the longest tenure. The corresponding change in the financial regulations of the National Council, it was decided because it seemed that the oldest member itself was only elected to the National Council and therefore had no experience.

It so happens that the last interim president, Paul Rechsteiner, with 59 years was the youngest age president in the history of the National Council.

In the Swiss Council of States, there was an interim president only at the very first meeting in 1848. Since then, this chamber of parliament convenes without general elections or legislatures, so that no interim president is needed.

Austria

House of Representatives

The House of Representatives from 1867 to 1918 was the people's representatives in Austria. The President was elected only for the current session ( session in a legislature ), varying their length. After re- convening of the House of Representatives at the beginning of the next session in the same legislative period therefore had first again, the interim president held the meeting chair.

European Union

The European Parliament since 1979, the Parliament of the European Union.

Landtag of Hesse Reichstag (Weimar Republic) Frankfurt Parliament Reichstag (North German Confederation) Reichstag (German Empire) Centre Party (Germany) Albert Traeger Progressive People's Party (Germany) Communist Party of Germany Parlamentarischer Rat Robert Pferdmenges Egon Franke (politician) Heinz Riesenhuber Bundesrat of Germany German People's Council Democratic Women's League of Germany Free Democratic Party of Switzerland Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland Jacques Neirynck Christoph Blocher Louise Weiss Bruno Visentini Giorgio Napolitano Giovanni Berlinguer Michael F. Feldkamp Nicole Fontaine
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